A B S T R A C T Transformations such as globalization, the contiguity of geographical spaces, as well as developments in the field of military technologies have transformed the issue of defense as the main factor for the survival of countries. Because the transformation from hard to soft war and then the smart war in recent decades has changed the approaches to defense. These transformations have led to the development of discussions about defense purposes. Meanwhile, Middle East countries have a prominent position and importance in terms of defense due to their special conditions. This article has tried to investigate the Basic dimensions affecting the defense of foreign countries with descriptive and analytical methods, using library and field findings and Smart-PLS software. The results of the current research show that the effective components in the current research include 130 items that are placed in the form of 15 dimensions. The importance of these dimensions in defense of the Middle East countries is, respectively, geopolitical dimension with a 0.43 score, military dimension with a 0.41 score, economic dimension with a 0.41 score, political dimension with a 0.39 score, hydrology dimension with a 0.34 score, security dimension with a 0.32 score, social dimension with a 0.29 score, demographic dimension with a 0.28 score, cultural dimension with a 0.26 score, scientific-health dimension with a 0.25 score, geomorphological dimension with a 0.25 score, mathematical dimension with a 0.2 score, climatic dimension with a 0.2 score, biological dimension with a 0.2 score and soil dimension with a 0.18 score. Extended Abstract Introduction Security and defense are among the most vital issues for the preservation and survival of countries. In fact, defense and military affairs are necessary for countries' independence and political, cultural and economic development. Among them, geography and political geography are prominent fields that directly affect defense issues. Actions taken by a country in dimensions (political, military, economic, etc.) in order to maintain security and territorial integrity, guarantee independence and protection of its people against any enemy attack, will organize the geographical (spatial) environment, wise and appropriate distribution of critical places and sensitive centers and infrastructures are identified by taking into account the threats and the correct use of environmental capacities in political, economic, social, cultural, etc. dimensions, and as a result, it can lead to stability and stability in the country's geographical space. The design of defense planning model according to the economic, cultural, political and environmental features in the new era when countries are facing external and internal threats as a sub-branch of territorial planning has received the attention and importance of officials and governance systems in order to be able to reduce these threats with accurate and systematic planning in the geographical space, defense planning is not separate from the flow of national and regional planning. It is important to pay attention to it based on the type and amount of external and internal threats to governance. Due to the expansion of the security circle, the government is not only responsible for creating military security. However, it must also exercise part of its authority in the direction of territorial management. On the other hand, there has been a transformation in the form of threats and wars based on changes and the movement from hard to soft war and finally, smart war is the basis for reviewing and recognizing the components that can be used in defense of countries, including the Middle East countries, have a prominent position and importance. Despite the internal differences between countries, the Middle East has commonalities and connections that can directly affect the overall defense of this geographical space.   Methodology In terms of type and purpose, the current research is fundamentally applied. Also, it is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. This research, in addition to the correct and realistic depiction of the defense situation of the Middle East countries, it is tried to provide a suitable model for the defense of the countries. The sources used in the current research are library and field sources (questionnaires). According to the subject of the current research, the statistical population of this research is a collection of people, experts and elites who have sufficient knowledge, experience and expertise regarding the research topic, which is the design of the defense model, according to the nature of the Delphi pattern model, at least the statistical population based on the sources should be between twenty and fifty people to reach statistical saturation. The number of selected samples included 51 people who were identified in the form of a non-random sampling pattern and introduced as a statistical sample in the framework of the Delphi model. Due to the qualitative nature of this research, it has been tried to use the Delphi model in the framework of the targeted non-random model. Therefore, based on these cases, the current research has selected the maximum statistical population of 51 elites, experts, and opinionated people in this field. In this research, to evaluate the research hypotheses in the form of the hardness equations model, the partial least squares method and the SMART-PLS software, which is a variance-based path modeling technique and provides the possibility of checking the theory and metrics simultaneously, have been exerted.   Results and discussion In this research, approaches such as political, military, cultural, etc., in the field of land use have been discussed. In the meantime, the defense of countries as an emerging approach is significant. According to the developments in geographical spaces, such as the evolution of military-defense technologies, the connection of geographical spaces to each other and most importantly, the movement from hard and soft war to smart war has witnessed a transformation and wide attention in a way that countries are suited to these developments are trying to prepare the geographical space of their country in terms of defense. Therefore, the defense planning of the Middle East countries as a geographical region has great importance from a geopolitical and strategic point of view, which indicates that the countries of this region face threats and complex defense-security issues in different ways.   Conclusion The results of the present research show that the defense planning in developing countries should be considered according to their characteristics, considering all 15 dimensions, which include 130 components. In the design of the defense planning of these countries, attention should be paid to the weight and importance of the shaping dimensions. In general, it can be said that the defense planning of the Middle East countries is proportional to the geographical features of these countries and on the other hand, considering the developments in the field of threats and moving from hard to smart war, 15 dimensions should be considered for the defense of these countries.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Feldspar as a low-cost mineral adsorbent based on silica was used to removal a cationic dye, C. I. Basic red 14 (Brilliant red 4G), from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FTIR). The effect of some parameters such as the amount of adsorbent, contact time, the initial concentration of dye, initial pH and electrolyte on dye removal was investigated. Results showed that dye removal increased by increasing pH; contact time and adsorbent dosage, whereas decreased by increasing the dye concentration. Also, the addition of electrolyte caused a negligible decreasing in dye removal. It took about 1 hour to equilibrium the feldspar with C. I. Basic red 14 and dye removal efficiency was 96%. So, feldspar is a suitable and powerful absorbent for removal of cationic dye from aqueous solutions. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Redlich-Peterson, and Dubinin– Radushkevich adsorption models and found that the experimental data were correlated reasonably well with Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption kinetics was studied by using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion models and realized the adsorption of C. I. Basic red 14 on feldspar followed the pseudo-second-order equation which indicates to chemical sorption.

Introduction: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is one of the most Basic and vital skills that a person should learn throughout his life. Carrying out this action is so essential and life-saving that knowing and doing it correctly means saving a human life. One of the target groups for teaching CPR and Basic resuscitation skills, is teachers, especially physical education teachers, due to the possibility of heart failure during sports activities in children. In this study, we investigated the level of knowledge of Basic Life Support (BLS) in physical education teachers of Kashan schools in 2023. Materials and methods: The current study is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on all the physical education teachers of Kashan schools who were willing to participate in the study (n=80). The requirement for entering the study was attending schools in the last year. In this study, demographic information, including age, sex, was asked from the participants by interviewers and recorded in the checklist. Then, the participants were asked to complete a standard questionnaire related to the level of BLS knowledge. Results: The number of men was slightly higher than that of women. The average age of the participants was 40.24 ± 8.05 years. 78.8% of the participants admitted that they had received training in in BLS, and 50.8% of them were trained in the university before graduation. The average score of participants' knowledge in the field of CPR was 3.95±1.69. Among the variables of gender, age, educational level of coaching, duration of coaching and receiving BLS training, the level of CPR knowledge was found to have a significant relationship with the age variable (P=0.03). The fear of doing it wrong was reported to be the most worrying issue for performing resuscitation measures. Also, 60% of the participants admitted that they have no knowledge about the defibrillator device and only one person knew how to use the defibrillator and where it is located in the patient's body. Conclusion: The level of knowledge of Basic Life Support in the physical education teachers of Kashan schools is reported to be lower than the average level, and according to the findings of this study, it is recommended to hold training courses for them periodically to increase their knowledge.

Background: The progression of atherosclerosis, which is the main cause of many heart surgeries, find it far more quickly with diabetes because diabetes is the production of c-peptide that causes increased permeability is increased vascular Intimal layer regresses. On the information obtained through x-ray Angio in diabetics the Central plaque is composed of the Atrium and most of the patients with acute coronary syndrome and a heart attack. More than half of diabetics eventually suffer heart symptoms and more than 30 percent of them will eventually need surgery for the annual three million that the world's heart surgery is done when two million people suffering from diabetes and a million people suffering from diabetes and blood pressure simultaneously. Increase insulin Hyperglycemia omghaomet mortality and respiratory cardiac arrest in all diabetic patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study: the patient's transplant surgery under the oriented 200 coronary artery disease from the time of admission to the special care unit until a clearance incidence of clinical implications of blood sugar with a glucose infusion and sc in two ways. And in terms of glycemic control and alertness and infection after arterial blood gas changes and acid and Ventilator device for connection to the death, and stay in the special section in the control of blood sugar with plows and postoperative infusion about comparisons and reviews. The information in the check-list was collected by a registered researcher. And using the analytical and descriptive statistics and SPSS software version 15 analysis. Results and conclusion: in this study, the relationship between significant statistically the pattern was not observed in patients prescribed on this first hypothesis verification research because it was near the average of the blood sugar in the group a significant correlation between Hypokalemia. And acidosand longterm icu unit a with blood sugar was seen striking the infusion group., and the first to accept the significant relationship between the blood sugar and Intubation more than 24 hours and bolous was seen, . . Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in people working with clinical signs of enteritis, gastric infection, it can be stated that Helicobacter pylori has an important role in causing enteritis and as a carcinogen in the studied samples. Due to the presence of bacteria that can be transmitted to others, it is necessary to identify and treat human carriers.

In the nineteenth century recurrent epidemics of cholera and influenza and decreasing cases of diseases in later years produced the question why communicable disease would suddenly produce epidemics and then disappear.Designing one model bases mathematically such as SIR model has been done for the question response. The aim of research survey model has been done on the measles in Iran and determination of outbreaks of measles at 1996 to determine the least vaccine covering for prediction of measles epidemics in the future.With collection of data from disease control centers, the number of suffering with measles, age mean of measles and life expanse was calculated and the amount of R0(Basic Reproduction Rate) resulted. Calculating R0 amount at range 5.5 to 7.49 for the reason R0 resulted in amounts greater than the measles epidemic that occurred in our country and least effective vaccine was 81.8-86.65%. Calculating R0 and the least vaccine predicted for measles epidemics determined that epidemic control vaccine must be more than 82.65% to decrease herd immunity and increase measles age mean under conditions due to another epidemic in the 2005.

In this research, a series of cationic gemini surfactants with methylene chain spacer was synthesized and after purification their physico-chemical properties such as Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) by surface tension measurements and conductometery, Kraft temperature and melting point were studied. The retarding effect of these cationic gemini surfactants in adsorption of C.I. Basic Red 27 onto polyacrylonitrile (acrylic) at boiling temperature was compared to their monomeric counterparts, Dodecyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (DTAB). Adsorption kinetic of the Basic dye onto acrylic in the presence of different concentrations of surfactants was evaluated by UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Results showed that retarding action of cationic gemini surfactants was higher than their monomeric surfactant. The retarding effect increased with increasing concentration for all surfactants. There was no significant correlation between spacer length and retarding effect of gemini surfactants.

Karyological studies of seven populations of Buxus hyrcana Pojark. from different habitats are presented. We found one usual Basic chromosome number in this species x=14. All populations were diploid (2n = 2x = 28). The results of kryotypic analysis made it possible to categorize different populations of a species and make a logical comparison among them.