Diamondoids are cage-like saturated hydrocarbons consisting of fused cyclohexane rings. The Diamondoids family of compounds is one of the best candidates for molecular building blocks (MBBs) in nanotechnology to construct organic nanostructures compared to other MBBs known so far. The challenge is to find a route for self-assembly of these cage hydrocarbons and their applications in the bottom-up synthesis. In this paper, a DNA-based self-assembly technique called “DNA Bridge-based Self-assembly” (DBS) is introduced to self-assemble the diamondoid molecules based upon a bottomup strategy. The results of our computations and simulations with different molecular mechanical force fields (MM+, AMBER, BIO+, and OPLS) and different optimization algorithms (Polak-Ribiere, Fletcher- Reeves, and block-diagonal Newton-Raphson) furthermore confirm the feasibility of the formation of such hybrid nanoarchitecture.

Investors myopic means more than realizing short-term earnings and less than the actual valuation of long-term earnings by active investors in the capital market. Investor's myopia leads to behavior change company management and Instead of concentrating and planning to enhance long-term performance, companies focus on current and short-term performance, which may increase the stock price crash risk in the long run. The purpose of this study was to investigation the effect of investors myopic on the stock price crash risk in listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange. Information needed for the study of the financial statements of 150 Company in the period of years 1389-1395 has been collected. To test the research hypotheses, the multivariate regression model has been used with panel data using fixed effects method. For the measurement of myopia investors from the Del Rio & Santamaria (2016) and for measuring stock price crash risk also fluctuate bottomup model of Chen et al (2001) have been used. The findings of the research hypothesis and show that investors myopic has a positive and significant effect on the stock price crash risk.

Aims Compelling approach in molecular self-assembly has caused an appropriate bottomup approach to build and design the systems and patterns with specific performance and capabilities. The aim of the current study was the design and fabrication of self-assembled super nanonetworks of carbon nanotube by self-complementary DNA and its spectroscopic study. Materials & Methods In the present experimental study, the sticky oligonucleotide sequence, connected to the amine groups at one end, was connected to the carboxyl groups at the beginning and end of the carbon nanotubes with covalent bond. Then, oligonucleotide connected these systems as interconnected networks. After the preparation of these nanonetworks, their biophysical properties were studied through ultraviolet– visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and polarimetry and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Findings UV-vis specific absorption peak increased and DNA sequences specific peak in CD spectra appeared with DNA sequences bind to carbon nanotubes. Conclusion After adding the connecting sequences to the constructive units, carbon nanotubes come in the form of a complex network. The formation of network nanostructures made of carbon nanotubes by the base pair of paired oligonucleotide sequences is clearly visible in UVvis spectra.

In this paper, an efficient framework is presented for optimal allocation of groundwater resources at the activity area of local water market within the Isfahan-Borkhar plain. In the first step, to improve aquifer's hydrological condition, farms' groundwater permits are reduced using top-down and bottomup approaches. The bottom-up approach proposes more acceptable strategies due to considering farms' utilities trough creating a bargaining process among them. The second step involves modeling the sales of groundwater permits from farms to different industries using water exchanges integer mathematical programming method. In this model, exchange volume is determined in such a way as to maximize the system's total profit by finding the optimal production amount of different products and the corresponding water consumption volume. The results for the farming year 2015-2016 show that farms increase the production amount in the industrial sector by planting profitable crops and selling their surplus water. However, farms still suffer losses due to reduced permits compared to their current status. Therefore, in the third step, the exchanges' profits are fairly reallocated among water buyers and sellers using Shapley cooperative game. So that compared to the current status, the profits of farms and industry units increase by 55% and 19%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed framework is capable of to improve the economic efficiency of groundwater permits use, in addition to facilitating the implementation of the permits reduction policy.

Introduction: Emotional stimulus is processed automatically in a bottom-up way or can be processed voluntarily in a top-down way. Imaging studies have indicated that bottom-up and top-down processing are mediated through different neural systems. However, temporal differentiation of top-down versus bottom-up processing of facial emotional expressions has remained to be clarified. The present study aimed to explore the time course of these processes as indexed by the emotion-specific P100 and late positive potential (LPP) event-related potential (ERP) components in a group of healthy women.Methods: Fourteen female students of Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran aged 18–30 years, voluntarily participated in the study. The subjects completed 2 overt and covert emotional tasks during ERP acquisition.Results: The results indicated that fearful expressions significantly produced greater P100 amplitude compared to other expressions. Moreover, the P100 findings showed an interaction between emotion and processing conditions. Further analysis indicated that within the overt condition, fearful expressions elicited more P100 amplitude compared to other emotional expressions. Also, overt conditions created significantly more LPP latencies and amplitudes compared to covert conditions.Conclusion: Based on the results, early perceptual processing of fearful face expressions is enhanced in top-down way compared to bottom-up way. It also suggests that P100 may reflect an attentional bias toward fearful emotions. However, no such differentiation was observed within later processing stages of face expressions, as indexed by the ERP LPP component, in a topdown versus bottom-up way. Overall, this study provides a basis for further exploring of bottomup and top-down processes underlying emotion and may be typically helpful for investigating the temporal characteristics associated with impaired emotional processing in psychiatric disorders.