Background & aim: Microbial super antigens have reported in blood and synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Whether or not, the presence of these super antigens could provoke the induction of serologic diagnostic factors, including CRP in patients? the purpose of this study was to production and purification one of the super antigen C of Staphylococcus aureus and it ʹ s effect on the induction of CRP in rat Methods: In this experimental study which was performed from December 2017 to September 2018 at the Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences. Twenty Wistar rats weighing 250 to 300 Grams were selected and divided into four groups of 5 members, included. By participated to workshops of animal laboratory control as well as intraperitoneal and intera-articular injection were carried out. Staphylococcus aureus super antigen C was purified by ultrafiltration (Amicon Ultra Centrifugal Filter Device) form 24 hours culture media and use specific antibody for immunoblotting confirmatory was carried out. The protein concentration was measured. 50 micrograms of toxin were injected intraperitoneal and intra-articular into separate rat groups. In time course blood collection and CRP was tested. The results were analyzed. Results: The results showed that 50 to 100 μ g of toxin intra-articular and intraperitoneal after 20 days inducted CRP production at 0. 7 mg. After 40 days, this increased to 2. 2 mg/lit and after 50 days it reached to 4. 5 mg/lit. ANOVA analysis was shown the difference between the groups and with a significant level for groups was P≤ 0. 001 and for the intervals of the effect of super antigen was P≤ 0. 075, respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate that the presence and survival of staphylococcal super antigen C in the body of wistar rats induced the production of CRP factor. Although this finding is an introduction to further research, it is likely to provide new ways to prevent and control inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Hepsin is known as a cell-surface serine protease expressed predominantly in the liver. Hepsin-deficient mice show resistance to high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Up to the present, the physiological function of hepsin has not been fully determined. Hepsin may play significant and specific roles in diabetes. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between hepsin protein concentrations in serum and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and elucidate possible associations with disease activity andinflammatory and metabolic parameters. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the relationship between hepsin, lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR), and type 2 diabetes in humans in the existingliterature. Methods: This case-control study included 60 patients (30 males and 30 females) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, according to American Diabetes Association's criteria, and 30 healthy controls (14 males and 16 females) with similar demographic characteristics. Several laboratory parameters were assessed including fasting glucose, total cholesterol, insulin, hemoglobin A1c, gamma-glutamyl transferase, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, C-reactive protein, atherogenic index of plasma, LCR, monocyte-to-neutrophil ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and serum hepsin levels. Results: The type 2 diabetes group had significantly higher LCR than controls (P<0. 016). Correlation analysis in the patient group showed a statistically significant relationship between hepsin and LCR (rho=0. 296, P=0. 02). Hepsin was negatively correlated with CRP in the patient group (rho=-0. 333, P=0. 01). Correlation analysis in the patient group showed a statistically significant relationship between hepsin and cholesterol (rho= 0. 29, P= 0. 02). Age was positively correlated with hepsin in the patient group (rho= 0. 267, P=0. 04). There was no statistically significant difference in serum hepsin levels between the diabetes group and the control group (P=0. 157). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the hepsin levels in patients with T2DM. Our results indicated that increased levels of hepsin could be associated with the inflammatory processes. Similar results were not found for diabetes. However, it is recommended that similar studies should be conducted in larger patient populations.