With a complex and diverse topography of genes and regulatory sequences, the human genome is often likened to a landscape. But in many places, this terrain is less dramatic vista and more desert highway: vast and repetitive. Advances in sequencing technology mean that scientists are on the verge of finally finishing an end-to-end human genome map.

In criminal proceedings, at the end of preliminary investigation and trial, a closing argument is heard by judge, if accused is guilty. The subject of question about a closing argument is about to ascribe the committed crime and presented evidence against accused, the subject of closing argument is doubting the proof or rejecting the elements of crime that are against the accused. Meanwhile, it may be proving or giving the circumstances which cause innocence, diminishing, probating, and excusing the criminal from punishment. Due to the attorney s limited responsibility, a closing argument in the prosecution office must be only given by the accused but in the trial both the accused and the attorney can present the closing argument or separately. With regard to the case, the duration of the closing argument should be reasonable and also should not be less than the time of asserting the claim and presenting evidence. Not having a closing argument in prosecution office is an incomplete proceeding, but it is not necessarily the cause for quashing the sentence in the appeal court, of course the mention court must sit for having the closing argument, then it makes a decision, but the supreme court quashes the sentence and returns the case to the court which make it, so as a closing argument of accused are heard, then judge makes decision.

Background and Aims: Diferences whithin shape and size of hand wrenches in diferent systems could affect the torque applied. Therefore, evaluation of wrenches has been emphasized. The aim of the present study was to compare the torque values of the long and short torque wrenches in different implant systems including ITI, Implantium and Nobel Biocare. Materials and Methods: In this experimental trial, 5 dentists with at least 5 years of professional experience closed the abutment screw in different implants systems using the long and short manual wrenches while the wrenchinduced torque values were calculated by digital torque-meter. Torque application was done for 3 times with 10-minutes resting time between each wrench uses in the habitual closing torque manner. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance test in different implant systems, while the paired comparisons were done using Tukey post hoc test. Results: The maximum torque values of the long manual wrenches were 27. 73± 4. 57 Ncm, 34. 6± 8. 09 Ncm and 30. 6± 6. 94 Ncm for the ITI, Implantium, and Nobel Biocare systems, respectively. While the values were reported to be 26. 4± 5. 3 Ncm, 35. 27± 7. 94 Ncm and 30. 13± 5. 26 Ncm in the short manual wrenches for the ITI, Implantium and Nobel Biocare systems, respectively. Significant differences were found between ITI and Implantium (P<0. 0001), and between Implantium and Nobel Biocare systems (P<0. 021). However, no significant differences were observed between ITI and Nobel Biocare systems regarding wrench-induced torque values (P>0. 05). Conclusion: From the results, the torque values obtained by different long and short manual wrenches were specific to different implant systems. These values were less in ITI and Nobel Biocare systems and higher in implantun than those range provided for the implant systems by the companies.