Among all environmental contaminations, industrial oil is one of the major pollutants of soil, water and air. There are different chemical, physical and biological methods to remove all types of oil pollutions. One of the common biological methods is to utilize the microorganisms like yeast, fungi or bacteria. Previous studies concerning the biodegradation of an aromatic compound in industrial waste water by Aspergillus niger have been reported. In this study, we tried to identify an oil-derived microorganism and evaluate its efficacy on self-removal of industrial oil. Firstly, the strain of isolated fungus from various bulks of used oil was defined via colonial identification and DNA sequencing. Secondly, bioremoval activity of defined fungus (Penicillium COMMUNE) was evaluated using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The optimum conditions in biological elimination of oil including the incubation time, pH level of culture and amount of reagents were determined. In the best condition, a removal rate of 95.4% was obtained.

Background: A significant increase in the cases of infections with Schizophyllum species has been noted during the past few years. The presence of clamp connections on hyphae and development of fruiting bodies in culture are distinctive features, which allow identification of this fungus in cases of human infection. The diagnostic problems rise by mutant strains showed neither clamp connection nor fruiting body.The present study aimed to determine whether the analysis of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of r-DNA can be used to detect mutants of Schizophyllum COMMUNE (s. COMMUNE) when a reliable microscopic identification is not possible.Methods: In this study DNA was extracted from 12 strains of S. COMMUNE and the ITSI and ITS2 of the ribosomal DNA were amplified with fungus specific primers. Then, the PCR products were cut and compared with the reference strains, and the map of restriction enzyme cutting sites with EcoRI andAvaI was determined. Findings: Restriction patterns of 670-bp long fragment of ITS region were almost identical in all isolates analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP).Conclusion: These findings suggest that size and restriction analysis of PCR-amplified ITSI and ITS2 regions of r-DNA is a reliable method to identify clinically significant strains of S. COMMUNE, including emerging mutants, which do not form clamp connections or fruiting bodies.

Baruch Benedict Spinoza’s theoretical constellation formulates a theory of right and law that prepares bases for his special rationalism and humanism that is specific to republican political philosophy. This philosophy of right and law relies on metaphysics of power and prefigures the “Multitude” and the “COMMUNE”. This philosophy of right and law is one of the many unique aspects of Spinoza`s practical philosophy. Spinoza`s theory of right as articulated in his political essays Ethica and Tractatus Politicus is as following: The more right extends, the more power extends and since society or COMMUNE produces more power, it produces more right. This unique aspect of practical philosophy of Spinoza relies on some aspects of old theory of right and law. In other words, the right and law theory of Spinoza can be considered one of Spinoza’s bonds with old traditions. The right and law Spinoza theory relies on “power” and considers “Multitude” and “COMMUNE”.