Nowadays spiritual damage in the creation of responsibility (both civil and criminal) has the same effect in comparison to material damage.Though problems such as the damage being intangible, the difficulty of proving it before the investigating authority, the difficulty of the assessment and expertise of the amount of damage, and finally the difficulty of compensating the actual spiritual damage makes the matter of investigation and asking for grievances much more difficult; but this is not a reasonable excuse for the one who has incurred a loss to be irresponsible. Given the great importance of non-financial rights of the couples’ in the family and the sensitivity of this system in relation to the rights which are related to the characteristics of individuals and the members of the family being the cause of suffering in the creation of this kind of damage; it seems as though the family is the most fragile entity against spiritual damage. Therefore, methods for compensating this kind of damages also have a determining role in the continuity of the family.So the main question in this research is what the position of law is and how its resources behave in relation to the method of compensation of couples’ moral damage. Solutions such as fall of alimony, conditions agreed upon at the time of the wedding ceremony, and separate residences are examples of methods that can be used to repel and solve the moral damage in couples’ relationships.

One of the new ideas in protecting the victims, is the state's responsibility for compensation of the victims and the word victim includes the people who has suffered damage from a social incident because of the fault of the state. Powerful advent of the virus Covid 19 cab been seen as one of the victim maker factors that requires the state's reaction for compensation. The aim of this article is to provide a better understanding of the legal situation of Iran in responding to the victims of social event. The survey is to define the basis of the state's compensation in Iranian legal system and to introduce the reliable institutions. However, as a necessary preface it should be noticed that this matter shall be independent from the political and managerial matters. Independency of the matters related to justice is one of the requirements which is necessary especially in the financial matters.

To achieve higher grain yield in wheat the coincidence of vegetative and reproductive stages of growth with the suitable environmental conditions via selecting appropriate planting date and use of desirable density is crucial. The experiment was conducted during 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 growing season using a spilit plot experiment with four replications. Main plots consisted of three planting dates (November 6th, December 6th and January 6th) and four planting densities (150, 250, 350 and 450 plants/m2) were sub plots. The results showed that planting date had significant effects on grain yield, number of grains per spike, number of spikes per m2 and 1000 grain weight, so the highest grain yield was achieved at second planting date and delay in sowing was associated with significant decrease in grain yield. Number of spike per m2 and 1000 seed weight decreased by delay in sowing. The number of spikes per m2, grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, plant height fnd HI were significantly affected by planting densities, so the highest number of spikes per m2 was obtained from the highest planting density (i.e.450 plants/m2), however, the highest number of grains per spike and mean grain weight "ere obtained from the lowest planting density (i.e.150 plants/m2). With increasing plant density, the number of spikes per m2 was the only yield component that increased in all planting dates. Overall, the results revealed that by incrsasing plant densisty in delayed sowing date to some extend grain yield can be comensated.

Background: A lack of neurotrophic support is believed to contribute to the development of diabetic neuropathy. On the other hand, neurotrophins have consistently been shown to increase in the central and peripheral nervous system following exercise, but the effects of exercise intervention on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in diabetic neuropathy are not understood.Objectives: This experimental study was designed and carried out at the Tarbiat Modares university (TMU) in Tehran, Iran, to investigate the hypothesis that increased activity as endurance training can help to increase the endogenous expression of neurotrophins in diabetic rats.Methods: This was an experimental study with 22 factorial plans performed at TMU in Iran. Sampling was accidental and 28 adult male Wistar rats in the body mass range of 326.3±8.4 g comprised the sample, with each rat randomly assigned to four groups: diabetic control (DC), diabetic training (DT), healthy control (HC), and healthy training (HT). To induce diabetic neuropathy, after 12 hours of food deprivation, an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) solution (45 mg/Kg) method was used. Two weeks after STZ injection, the endurance training protocol was performed for 6 weeks; 24 hours after the last training session, the rats were sacrificed. Real-time PCR was used for BDNF and NGF expression.Results: The data indicate that diabetes decreases BDNF and NGF expression in sensory (92%, P=0.01; 90%, P=0.038, respectively) and motor (93%, P=0.05; 60%, P=0.029, respectively) roots. However, NGF mRNA levels in the DT group were significantly higher than in the HC group ((7.1-fold), P=0.01; (2.2-fold), P=0.001, respectively, for sensory and motor roots), but this was not shown for BDNF. In addition, endurance training can increase NGF expression in healthy rats ((7.4-fold), P=0.01; (3.8-fold), P=0.001, respectively, for sensory and motor roots).Conclusions: This study shows that BDNF and NGF expression decreases in diabetic neuropathy. However, this decrease can be reversed through endurance training. These results also indicate that endurance training may have a potential role in compensating for neurotrophin deficiency following diabetic neuropathy.

Background: Unlike banking development in country, banks have not been able to satisfy customers yet. Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating banks ethical responsibility to COMPENSATE for services failure and reviving it. Method: This study is applied in purpose, exploratory in approach and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in data analysis. In qualitative phase and in order to design a model based on grounded theory, a group of experts in banking management and services marketing (including university professors, bank CEOs and banking industry marketing counselors) selected as society and 11 have been selected through snowball sampling and until reaching theoretical saturation. In-depth-interview was research instrument in this phase and data analyzed through coding. In quantitative phase, banking industry customers in Tehran considered as statistical society and 400 of them selected through cluster sampling with equal volume as statistical sample. In quantitative phase also the research instrument was researcher-made and closed questionnaire and path analysis and SPSS and Lisrel used to analyze data. Results: 134 primary concepts extracted in this study that 51 ultimate concepts classified in 31 main categories. This results lead to designing failure procedural pattern and reviving services in Iran’ s banking industry (based on paradigmatic model structure) and model hypothetical relationships tested and approved in a wide society. Conclusion: Customer satisfaction and loyalty depends on organization adherence to professional ethics and responsibility that the most important sign of an organization responsibility is organized activity to COMPENSATE for services failure and reviving it.

Discussing about spiritual loss and its calculation and compensation method is one of the most interesting matters and intricate issues of law and legal researches too.In spite of suitable background in legal texts for the possibity of compensating spiritual loss, the majority of law courts avoid to judge about spiritual losses demand.One of the cases of spiritual losses is the loss surplus to blood-money, since each person loses different physical and spiritual benefits due to physical damages. It should be mentioned that paying blood-money is not sufficient for compensation of some damages. It would be a disputable issue in the legal law courts.

Martin Heidegger considers poets and thinkers as saviors overcoming the crisis caused by modern technology. According to him, this crisis arises from subjective thought. They are the ones who have their relationship with objects, earth and sky, etc. based on avoiding subjective thought. Seyyed Ahmed Fardid, a contemporary Iranian thinker, has considered avoidance of thinking based on subjectivity in Heidegger's philosophy as equivalent to “slickness or cunning” [rendi] in Iranian mystical culture. He believes that Hafez has well outlined the characteristics of this path. Hafez is the bilateral point of balance of the Dionysian and Apollonian cultural trends in Iranian culture. Abhilfe für den Mangel an Bodenständigkeit des modernen Zeitalters durch „Gelassenheit“ und „Gerissenheit“ (rendī) Zwei überlappend-analogische Begriffe bei Heidegger und Fardid Zusammenfassung Martin Heidegger betrachtet Dichter und Denker als Retter, die in der Lage sind, die Krise zu überwinden, die durch die moderne Technologie verursacht wurde. Diese Krise resultiert laut Heidegger aus einem subjektzentrierten Denken. Dichter und Denker sind diejenigen, die ihre Beziehung zu den Dingen, zur Erde, zum Himmel usw. auf eine Weise gestalten, die frei von subjektivem Denken ist. Der zeitgenössische iranische Denker Seyyed Ahmad Fardid hat die Abkehr von der Subjektivität in Heideggers Philosophie mit dem Begriff der „Rendi“ (Schläue oder listige Gelassenheit) in der iranischen mystischen Kultur gleichgesetzt. Er ist der Ansicht, dass Hafis die Merkmale dieses Weges hervorragend dargestellt hat. Hafis bildet den bilateralen Balancepunkt zwischen den dionysischen und apollinischen kulturellen Strömungen in der iranischen Kultur. Schlüsselwörter Martin Heidegger, Seyyed Ahmad Fardid, Hafis, Rendi (listige Gelassenheit), Erdverbundenheit, Gelassenheit

In this paper, voltage sag is COMPENSATEd by the DVR (Dynamic Voltage Restorer) in distribution systems. This device is applied between the sensitive load and the supply in order to inject voltage in series to correct the voltage sag.Subsequently, all the other various DVR compensation techniques in the distribution system are explained. Due to the restriction of the energy storage in DVR’s capacitors, it is essential to minimize the active power injected by the DVR.Thus, a minimum active power injection method is proposed to COMPENSATE the voltage sag. Performance of this method is evaluated under balanced and unbalance voltage sag in a distribution system.