Background: The world population will likely increase by 2.5 billion over the next 43 years, passing from the current 6.7 billion to 9.2 billion in 2050. Only limited information about the contraceptive practices especially modern contraceptive use is available. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of contraceptive methods and factors associated with modern contraceptive in use Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study of 288 females selected through consecutive sampling was conducted in Jinnah Post graduate Medical Center family reproductive health care center Karachi, Pakistan from November 2008 to January 2009. Females of reproductive age 16–50 years using any contraceptive measures and giving informed consent were included. Those who with severe debilitating disease, having any physical and mental disability were excluded. Two trained co researchers interviewed the participants for socio demographic reasons. The main outcome variables of the study were comparing modern and traditional contraceptive methods and factors associated with modern contraceptive in use.Results: The results showed mean age of contraceptive users was 29.49 (±6.42) years. Modern contraceptive method was used by 216 (75%) and traditional method by 72 (25%). Final multiple logistic regression showed that a few factors have influence on usage rate including: age>30 years [AOR, 0.426 95% CI0.209–0.865], addiction [AOR, 0.381 95% CI0.173–0.839], and means of information like family planning worker (FPW) [AOR, 6.315 95% CI 3.057–13.046], Television (TV) [AOR, 0.402 95% CI 0.165–0.979] and billboard (BB) [AOR, 0.207 95% CI 0.066–0.447].Conclusion: Modern contraceptive method use is very common in our region (75%). The important means of information for modern contraceptive in use were GPs and family planning workers.

BACKGROUND: Almost two thirds of Iranians eligible for using contraceptive methods use these methods. Their dissatisfaction with the methods would directly and indirectly affect the quality of family planning services and would bring about detrimental results for the service recipients and consequently for other family members. Therefore, identification and evaluation of the factors leading to dissatisfaction with contraceptive methods can help the authorities responsible for family planning services to provide some solutions to increase satisfaction with these methods.METHODS: This research was a qualitative phenomenological study. The study population consisted of the women using intrauterine device (IUD) or contraceptive pills only as contraception, referred to 14-Masoum, Amir Hamzeh, Ebn-e Sina, Shahid Motamed, and Navab Safavi clinical centers. Sampling was goal-based, and 14 individuals participated in the study. Data collection was carried out in four months using deep interview. Data analysis was performed using seven-step Colaizzi’s method.RESULTS: The findings of the interviews were assigned 104 codes categorized into three groups; 1- physical and psychological harms experienced by the method, 2- the shortcomings of the methods, and 3- continuation in spite of dissatisfaction with the method.CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, the users of contraceptive methods would have some experiences, which lead to their dissatisfaction with the methods. Since dissatisfaction with the methods will result in a decrease in continuation of use of the methods or discontinuation of the method, providing some policies to increase the satisfaction with contraceptive methods can cause more effective use of the methods and continuation of their use.

Introduction: The late reproductive age begins at 35-40 years of age and ends with the menopause. It is a period when childbearing is associated with greater risks than previously and when there are distinctive contraceptive requirements. Although sexual intercourse becomes less frequent as couples grow older, and fecundity also declines, the probability of pregnancy still exists if contraceptive methods are not used. Purpose of this study is contraceptive methods used in premenopausal women in Yazd.Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study with convenience sampling in 4 Health Centers in Yazd and we studied 200 women with over 40 years of age. Individuals have been interviewed and data analyzed with descriptive statistic.Results: Mean of age for participants were 43.93±3.41, 12.5% were illiterate, 74% under diploma, 95.5% sexually active. The most common contraceptive methods is tuballigation (30%), after respectively condom (24%), withdrawal (19%), IUD (10%), vasectomy (8%), OCPs (3%) and only one person used DMPA and other person used cyclofem. About 40% of individuals, who used candom and withdrawal method, were usually abhor of unwanted pregnancy and this affected on their sexual relationships.Conclution: 43% of individuals in this community used highly unsuccessful methods and 4% were without any contraception. Although, fecundity declines in this period and efficacy of these methods is better than in early years, but every pregnancy in this age has worse outcome for mother and fetus. The maternal mortality rate in women in their forties is 4 times higher than among women in their twenties. Also continuous fear of unwanted pregnancy affects on their psychological health and sexual relationships. Pregnancy in women of this group is unwanted and the UK official statistics shows that 45% of the pregnancies among women over 40 years are terminated by legal abortion. In this community, only 4% individuals have used hormonal methods although OCPs containing low doses of one estrogen and a progesterone are suitable for healthy, non-smoking women over the age of 35 and WHO declared that the ratio of risk to benefits of contraceptive use in the late premenopause has to be seen in the light of the prevailing risk of maternal mortality. Therefore, advocacy and education for the use of successful methods in premenopausal women must be advert.

Background and objectives: In our country about 20% of couples are using natural methods of family planning or none of the family planning methods. The Standard Days Method is a fertility awareness-based method of family planning in which users avoid unprotected intercourse during cycle days 8 through 19. The aim of this experimental study was to determine the use-effectiveness of the combined contraceptive methods: Standard days method, condom and emergency contraceptive pills.Materials and Methods: A total of 240 women, age 17- 40 years, in rural area in the west of Tabriz city, with self- reported cycles of 26-32 days, desiring to delay pregnancy at least one year were admitted to the study. After teaching the method to the subjects, they followed-up for12 months to complete the study or excluded from study. Pearl pregnancy rate was used to determine percentage of protection of unplanned pregnancy.Results: Analysis of data indicated that 117 women didn’t get pregnant until the end of study (12 months). Only 8 women got pregnant, and a total of 1956 woman-months out of 240 women was calculated. So first-year pregnancy rate was 4.91% and percentage of protection of unplanned pregnancy was 95.09 irrespective of correct or incorrect use.Conclusion: the results show that this combined method may be an effective and acceptable method for couples.