Introduction: 65-year-old woman with history of diabetes mellitus induced end-stage renal disease (ESRD) presented with several weeks of bilateral breast pain and ulcers that did not respond to empirical antibiotics. On examination there were bilateral necrotic ulcers, surrounded by erythema which were tender on palpation (Panel A).....

When evaluating mammograms, one looks for masses, areas of asymmetry or architectural distortion and microcalcifications.Calcification found on screening and diagnostic mammography may be typically benign, of intermediate type, or have a high probability of malignancy.The calcifications that most radiologists have prob-lems dealing with are those of "intermediate con-cern."Occasionally spot compression-magnification views are necessary to evaluate and analyze the calcification characteristics.The morphology and distribution of calcifications are often clues to the differential diagnosis and appropriate management. Calcifications deserve closer scrutiny than those in a regional or diffuse distribution.In this article, we discuss the imaging evaluation and management of lesions found on screening and diagnostic mammography, with the focus on commonly encumbered questions and problems. We will also present our interesting cases with breast calcification.

Statement of the Problem: Most of the soft tissue calcifications within the head and neck region might not be accompanied by clinical symptoms but may indicate some pathological conditions.Purpose: The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of soft tissue calcifications in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of mandibular region.Materials and Method: In this cross sectional study the CBCT images of 602 patients including 294 men and 308 women with mean age 41.38±15.18 years were evaluated regarding the presence, anatomical location; type (single or multiple) and size of soft tissue calcification in mandibular region. All CBCT images were acquired by New Tom VGi scanner. Odds ratio and chi-square tests were used for data analysis and p<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: 156 out of 602 patients had at least one soft tissue calcification in their mandibular region (25.9%. of studied population with mean age 51.7±18.03 years). Men showed significantly higher rate of soft tissue calcification than women (30.3% vs.21.8%). Soft tissue calcification was predominantly seen at posterior region of the mandible (88%) and most of them were single (60.7%). The prevalence of soft tissue calcification increased with age. Most of the detected soft tissue calcifications were smaller than 3mm (90%).Conclusion: Soft tissue calcifications in mandibular area were a relatively common finding especially in posterior region and more likely to happen in men and in older age group.

A 13-years-old male vervet monkey that was kept in a primates breeding and research facility at Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran (RVSRI) died suddenly. Massively scattered grayish-yellow mottling on both ventricles were the most significant gross necropsy findings. There was a gritty feeling on palpation and sectioning of the yellow areas. Microscopically, the lesions demonstrated scattered degeneration and necrosis of myocardial cells. Inside the affected areas, large calcium deposit plaques were detected using the Von kossa staining method. The development of myocardial calcification in the present case can be attributed to the dystrophic calcification following spontaneous myocardial necrosis or an undetected infection/inflammatory process. Persistent anxiety might trigger spontaneous biventricular necrosis in vervet monkeys. In conclusion, due to similarities between the clinical and histological presentation of the current case with sudden death syndrome associated with myocardial calcification in humans, it was suggested that vervet monkeys might be a relevant animal model for research on the pathophysiological processes of this complication.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability of panoramic radiograph (PR) as a screening tool for the detection of calcified carotid atheroma (CCA) in comparison with Doppler ultrasonography (DU) examination. Materials and Methods: In this study, DU was performed for 52 patients who had carotid calcification or other differential diagnoses of carotid calcification on PR routine screening. The data relating to the presence or absence of calcified atheroma in DU and PR were evaluated using SPSS software. Results: In the 52 stated patients, CCA of 9 (18%) patients was diagnosed in the PR. Significant differences in CCA between the two sexes were not found. Also, considerable differences between the left and right sides (P = 0/906) were not found. Moreover, the positive cases who are diagnosed using ultrasonography and PR were 2. 25% and 6. 5%, respectively. Conclusion: PR method is not a good choice for the primary diagnosis method for the carotid artery calcifications due to its less positive diagnosing ratio compared to DU.