One of the crimes that has slowly taken on a global form is environmental crime, and international organizations are working to bring nations together to tackle crimes against transnational environmentalism by formulating a global consensus and by enacting laws between them.-Internationals are trying to protect the environment. In the future, environmental resources will bring about war and violence between nations. Because environmental crime focuses on crimes and damages to the environment and animals, it also includes sustainability and climate change. The concept of transnational crime therefore encompasses at least two different conceptual considerations. First, crime must involve the movement of people, objects, or decisions across borders. Second, the injury must be recognized internationally as a crime. This study utilized documentary and library method and data analysis was qualitative and based on researcher inference from sources and texts. The environment and the future of work are two of the biggest challenges facing the world today, and one cannot be tackled without the other. Because environmental degradation can act as a cause or an accelerating factor in violent conflict. This paper attempts to examine the dimensions of environmental crime that limit the outcome of the conflict to address its specific causes.

The criminalization or non-criminalization of political activities shows the approach of the political system and the government in dealing with adversity and political criticism towards itself. Systematic and comprehensive analysis of Iran's legal system shows that the field of citizens' activities sometimes fluctuates towards "freedom" and "crime" and that is two "political" or "security" crimes, and this main issue emerges. It determines when the citizen's freedom is bound to the field of "crime" and basically gets a political and security description. In the meantime, what seems to be the main question of this research and the challenge of Iran's judicial system is what is the correct criterion for distinguishing political crime from security crime, so that in the light of it, the ambiguity and inadequacy in the field of distinguishing political crime from security crime can be resolved. Therefore, the present article, with a descriptiveanalytical approach, while examining the political crime cases and paying attention to the documents as well as the legal aspects, examines how the Iranian criminal system deals with them and even if possible, presents a fair criticism. The result is that, although the quality of the crime seems to be a suitable indicator for differentiating political crime from security crime, but the totality of subjective criteria, mental, and public opinion can be considered as "accumulation of suspicion".

Background and Objective: The traditional form of human trafficking is slavery, which has been prevalent since ancient times. Human trafficking has been considered the third most profitable criminal activity in the world. This crime is committed for the purposes of sexual prostitution, slavery, organ harvesting, and marriage. Currently, most countries in the world are facing this phenomenon and it is one of the crimes that grossly violate human rights and human dignity. Human trafficking is an organized crime that threatens national security, and its social, political, and security consequences affect individuals and society. Therefore, identifying ways to criminalize human trafficking as an organized and transnational crime is a topic that is addressed in this article.Methodology: The present study is applied in terms of type and purpose, and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. The necessary data was collected in a documentary and qualitative manner, using a purposeful sampling method and through semi-structured in-depth interviews with experts and those involved in the fight against human trafficking until theoretical saturation was reached.Results and Findings: The results of the study show that the methods of criminalizing human trafficking include: intelligence gathering, law enforcement, crime scene management, national, regional, and international interaction and cooperation, and facilitating the extradition of criminals, training citizens and crime-fighting forces, including police officers and judicial authorities, controlling and strengthening borders, and the participation of crime whistleblowers, such as victims, witnesses, and informants.

Computers might be used in crimes. They may also contain some evidences which prove a crime or be used in committing crimes. Therefore, these electronic equipments include valuable evidences for crime detection. In this article it is attempted to realize the importance of dealing with these kind of evidences without any major damage to them and how to answer the law enforcement officers in this regard.

In the domestic criminology literature, at least two terms have been used for crimes committed by the power structure: State Crime and Governmental crime, both of which are referred to as the equivalent of the Latin term "State Crime". Although in appearance it can be considered as a broad concept of government, the two terms mentioned are considered compatible with each other However, the existence of objective and practical effects such as the possibility of separating these two concepts from similar concepts, differences in type and the nature of responding to the crimes committed against them and the difference in the reference for responding to these crimes, and determining the responsibility (including political, administrative and legal), etc., distinguishing between these two concepts and determining the limits and limits of these two concepts Makes it necessary. In the present article, with the analytical-descriptive method and the use of library resources, and with reference to internal and external crime texts in the field of State crimes, as well as by reviewing domestic legal documents, it has been concluded that the use of the term "State crime" is more correct for the Latin term, both in terms of scientific and practical works and in terms of compliance with domestic legal texts.

According to the pre-Revolution laws, to realize participation in a crime, the participation or involvement of two (or more) persons in executing acts constituting a crime was sufficient. After the Revolution, however, such crimes should depend on acts carried out by all of them. [The rule of] dependence may restrict cases of participation in that one who has played a role in aiding and abetting the crime is not a partner in crime, since the crime does not depend on him. But, does dependence increase cases of participation? In other words, may one who has played no role in aiding and abetting a crime be regarded as a partner in crime since the crime depends on him?The author is of the opinion that although, according to the existing laws, the reply is negative, for all crimes, according to the juridical (fiqhi) and legal rules, this particular condition of crimes requires hadd (punishment), qisas (retaliation), or diyah (blood-money). Thus, in preventive punishments (in certain cases such as when the crime committed is an organized one or it is committed by a gang), the legislator can regard those who have not performed executive operations of the crime as partners in crime, and in this way, he may hinder their abuses.

Recently, in the field of modem criminology, several solutions have been proposed for expediting crime detection and lessening the rate of crime occurrence. Among these solutions those having scientific backgrounds have grabbed the criminologists' attentions. In this paper, burglary methods have been investigated using neural networks in order to detect a crime before it happens. In fact, the analysis of burglar behavior is the key to crime detection and attribution. In addition, the issue of anticipative detection has been discussed with a new meaning and its relationship with crime for casting has been explained. In the current paper, other academic techniques in subjects like: comparative criminology, group detection and link analysis in criminal networks have been fully discussed. Crime pattern recognition is a common need in all these academic solutions. The paper structure is a combination of two approaches: crime detection before its occurrence and crime for casting.

Political crime, regardless of common meaning of crimes against the state which has been discussed more in the legal system of Iran, includes another class of crimes which is committed by the state and agencies against the citizens’ fundamental rights. Such class, by ethical evaluation, shall be called the negative political crime. Criminalization of a deed as a political criminal, based on article 168 of the Constitution, causes the public trial to be held at the presence of jury. Such a significant issue leads to the judgement of public opinions regarding the process of trial and prevents its failure. Moreover, it causes the public awareness about the violation of fundamental rights which might be committed by the political streams which are in the state institutions. Hence, citizens will be able to make more accurate decision about their political rights and the right of self-determination considering the political streams.

This paper investigated fear of crime in the case of personal and neighborhood related variables. A questionnaire survey conducted in two high crime areas (Ahnmadino and Dehpialeh) in Shiraz-Iran, among 300 residents. Results showed that among personal variables, gender had significant relationship with fear and surprisingly males were more fearful than females. Other personal variables didn't have significant relationship with fear of crime (age, education, ethnicity, income, home ownership). But neighborhood related variables (incivility, neighborhood attachment, and neighborhood quality and crime perception in neighborhood) significantly related to fear of crime. In regression multivariate analysis only incivility entered and explained 19 percent of dependent variable.

The pink collar term was introduced by Kapp Howe (1977) during the second wave of feminism (1960-1980). She has been examined specific experiences of women in the workplace, including discrimination, low wages, and sexual harassment. In the same period, the feminist criminology school began to study the behaviour of women as criminals and victims, and how they were punished. Criminologists do not study women as a distinct group, and criminology theory does not explain why women commit less crime than men. Feminist theorists studied women's abuses, the issue of victimization, and the status of women in the criminal justice system. This article is an analysis of the article on pink collar crime, women and crimes at work by Margaret Hammond and the problems associated with definition of crime and white collar crime, the root of “, pink collar crime”,as a term associated with women and talk about women, color and protest.