Tries are the most popular data structure on strings. We can construct d-ary tries by using strings over an alphabet leading to d-ary tries. Throughout the paper we assume that strings stored in trie are generated by an appropriate memory less source. In this paper, with a special combinatorial approach we extend their analysis for average profiles to d-ary tries. We use this combinatorial approach for studying of average profile, since its probability distribution is unknown. We obtain the probability distribution of depth and the distribution function of height as n is large. These results follow from the study of certain recurrence equations that we solve by a analytic method.

In this paper, we have studied the notion of nearness d-algebras which is a generalization of nearness BCKalgebras (or NBCK-algebra for short). Therefore, it is de ned that the notions of nearness d-subalgebra, nearness d-ideal in nearness d-algebras. Afterward, we investigated relations among them and gave some examples.

This paper introduces the novel concept of neutro-d-algebra. In neutro-d-algebra, the outcome of any given two elements under an underlying operation (neutro-sophication procedure) has three cases, such as: Ap-purtenance, non-appurtenance, or indeterminate and for an axiom: Equal, non-equal, or indeterminate. This study investigates the neutro-d-algebra and shows that neutro-d-algebra is di erent from d-algebra. The nota-tion of neutro-d-algebra generates a new concept of neu-tro poset. Finally, we introduce a notation of neutro d-homomorphism and extend the structure of neutro-d-algebras.

Many studies have demonstrated the role of psychosocial and behavioral risk factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. Previous studies have shown relationships between some personality characteristics and the risk for coronary heart diseases. Recently, a new personality construct, the type D or ‘distressed’ personality, has been proposed. Type D personality is characterized by the joint tendency to experience negative emotions and to inhibit these emotions while avoiding social contacts with others. Type D personality may be identified by using the scales measuring global personality traits. Some evidences confirm the role of heritability in development of type-D personality. The findings of various studies indicate that type-D personality is an independent risk factor of psychological distress, heart diseases, adverse clinical prognosis in cardiac patients and increased mortality. Evidence confirms the relationship between type-D personality and cardiovascular reactivity, HPA dysregulation leading to elevated serum levels of cortisol, and psycho-neuro-immunological processes. These alterations may be factors which mediate the association between type-D personality and clinical outcome in cardiac patients.Identification of cardiac patients with type-D personality and application of psychological interventions in their rehabilitation would be needed. In addition, type-D personality may be a personality construct to be considered not only in cardiovascular diseases but also in other psychosomatic disorders.

isolated from grapevine (Vitis vinifera), among which Grapevine virus A (GVA), Grapevine virus B (GVB) and Grapevine virus E (GVE) have been reported from Iranian vineyards (1, 2, 3). In this study, the occurrence of Grapevine virus D (GVD) has been reported from Iran. During a survey in 2017, a total number of 33 symptomatic samples were collected from grapevines showing leaf mottling, stem...

Background and Aim: Vitamin D requirements are met by its synthesis in the skin as a result of exposure to UVB (ultra violet B) and also by food. Despite abundant UVB in sunny countries, there is evidence of high prevalence of Vitamin D (vit D) deficiency in these areas.Materials and Methods: 5 cities with different longitudes and latitudes were chosen. Patients were selected by random cluster sampling. Blood samples obtained from healthy subjects. After centrifuging the sera collected sent to the EMRC (Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Centre) laboratory for measurement of 25(OH) vitamin D [25(OH)D] and PTH levels. Based on the level of 25(OH), the subjects were classified into 7 groups. Different levels of Vit D deficiency were determined as normal, mild, moderate and severe Vit D deficiency.Results: 5329 people were evaluated for 25(OH)D and three threshold  levels for women (40, 25 and 12 nmol/L) and two  for men (35 and 25 nmol/L) were determined. Mild Vit D deficiency was observed in 27.2% of women and 37.25% of men. Severe or moderate Vit D deficiency was noticed in 47.85% of women and 34.75 % of men.Conclusion: The results of this study are compatible with those of other studies in the Middle East. Prevalence of Vit D deficiency in these areas needs justification. Plans for fortification of articles of food with Vit D are recommended.

Background and purpose: Vitamin D is a steroid hormone which plays an important role inbone metabolism and neuromuscular function. It is mainly supplied by exposure to sunlight on the skinwith conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol. This study aimed to compare the serum levelsof 25-hydroxyvitamin D after taking parenteral and oral vitamin D in patients with vitamin Dinsufficiency.Materials and methods: This historical cohort study was done among data of 400 patients withvitamin D insufficiency. They were treated by oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 50,000 IU weekly for 12weeks or intramuscular injection (IM) 300000 units weekly for two weeks. Statistical analysis wasperformed by independent and paired t-test for comparing the levels of vitamin D changes before andafter the treatment and between the groups.Results: The patients were 333 females (83%) and 67 males (17%). Two hundred forty twopatients received IM and 158 received oral vitamin D3. The mean serum levels of 25 (OH) D before andafter the intervention in oral group were 17.16±0.39 and 43.02±0.48 ng/ml (P<0.010) and in IM groupwere 17.71±0.32 and 41.72±1.20 ng/ml, respectively (P<0.001). The mean serum levels of 25 (OH) Dbefore and after the intervention were not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.48).Conclusion: Both oral and IM vitamin D increased 25 (OH) D levels adequately. Based onpatient’s needs and priorities, either oral or IM forms can be administered for prevention or treatment ofvitamin D insufficiency.

The main part of optimal designs in the mixed effects models concentrates on linear models and binary models. Recently, Poisson models with random effects have been considered by some researchers. In this paper, an especial case of the mixed effects Poisson model, namely Poisson regression with random intercept is considered. Experimental design variations are obtained in terms of the random effect variance and indicated that the variations depend on the variance parameter. Using D-efficiency criterion, the impression of random effect on the experimental setting points is studied. These points are compared with the optimal experimental setting points in the corresponding model without random effect. We indicate that the D-efficiency depends on the variance of random effect.