Iran, as the biggest producer of DATES, has 25 percent of the world date production. More than 400 varieties of DATES have been identified in Iran. DATES have a high nutritional value; they contain considerable amounts of sugar, vitamins and minerals. For instance, 2830 kilocalories of energy are obtained from one kilogram of DATES. DATES are economically suitable replacements for sugar in bee feeds. However, feeding bees with some varieties, which contain certain amounts of mannose and potassium, are harmful. This investigation was carried out in order to identify the most suitable variety of DATES useful for bee feed and to determine its nutritional value as human food. In this study, the dominant varieties of date including Bam Mazafati, Behbahan Kabkab, Booshehr Kabkab, Jiroft Mazafati, Kangoroad, Khanizi, Khasi, Saameran, Shahani, Shahdadi and Zahedi, were collected and analysed. The amounts of moisture, fat, protein, ash, and minerals such as sodium, potassium, and calcium were determined. Also, sugar composition of the above varieties consisting of glucose, fructose and sucrose, was measured. Chemical methods (Lane-Eynon and Shaffer-Somogyi) and high performance liquid chromatography were used for sugar determination. The results showed that, except for moisture and protein contents, there was no significant difference between fat and ash contents of the samples. Shahdadi and Zahedi had the highest and lowest moisture contents, respectively. Behbahan Kabkab and Shahdadi had the highest and lowest  protein contents, respectively. Jiroft Mazafati and Saameran had significantly the lowest amounts of potassium and mannose, respectively, while Kangoroad had significantly the highest amount of sucrose, which is useful for bees. Therefore, these three varieties were found to be suitable replacements for sugar in bee feeds, but considering their price, Saameran is recommended as the best feed for bees. On the other hand, with respect to the minerals and sugar contents, Behbahan Kabkab was found as the most nutritious date for human food.    

Nima Youshij's position as the father of modern Persian poetry is widely recognized nowadays, but in the past decades, there have been long debates on the issue of the modernization of Persian poetry and its leadership. One of these controversies concerns the claim that Nima fabricated the DATES of his poems. The claim was made during Nima's lifetime and has been raised again in recent years and caused considerable debate. Poets and critics from two opposing fronts have made this claim: first, those who were more radical than Nima in breaking away from tradition and considered Nima a reformer rather than a revolutionary poet, and secondly those who considered Nima too radical and were in favor of a more conservative or moderate type of modernism. In this article, we examine the history of this controversy and assess the robustness of the evidence presented to support it. Through this analysis, an intriguing observation is made concerning the dating of Nima's poems. It is revealed that Nima sometimes initially composed his poems in prose, dating them at the end, and subsequently transformed them into verse while retaining the original date. This practice has likely led some researchers to suspect Nima of falsifying the date of the poem “Qorab” (The Raven). Ultimately, the article concludes that the allegations of fabrication in the dating of Nima's poems do not have substantial implications for the history of modern Persian poetry.

1- Introduction: Timing coincidence of plant growth and development to suitable climatic conditions is on of the main factor for spring safflower increasing yield. Thus determining and zoning of safflower planting DATES is very important. The highest planted area of spring safflower is belonged to Esfahan province. Delay in planting of spring safflower cause faster development, earlier flowering and lower photosynthetic area and these consequently lower yield and yield components.

This study investigates the chemical content of rapeseed and its effects on food industry. Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most important oil plants that has a major role in providing human edible oil and it is in the third place in terms of oil consumption in the world. The results indicated that effect of year on the number of silique in the plant, the number of seeds in silique, and anthocyanin were significant, and the second year was allocated with the highest level of these specifications. The best seed yield (2477.02 kg/ha) was belonged to one week after yellowing of silique. The silica spraying led to increase in number of silique in plant, the number of seeds in silique, and seed yield and soluble sugar by 11.8, 31.48, and 24.31%, respectively, and increase in silica and calcium concentrations by 98.64 and 66.55% in silique, respectively. Moreover, it reduced anthocyanin and electrolyte leakage by 55.79%. Silica spraying (6%) demonstrated the highest positive effect. As calcium concentration increased, the number of silique in plant, the number of seeds in silique, seed yield, biological yield, soluble sugar, silica, and calcium concentration in silique, and reduction of anthocyanin and electrolyte leakage increased. Calcium spraying No. 6 showed the highest positive effects in terms of the abovementioned features. The results showed that silica and calcium increased the yield and yield elements, physiological effects, silica and calcium nutrition elements, and reduced the electrolyte leakage. The best treatment was obtained by using 6% of silica and 6% of calcium.

With respect to importance of kabkab DATES marketing, the objective of this research was to study DATES domestic marketing and problems in kazeroon region. The data were collected using Stratified Random Sampling Method (SRS) from a sample of 40 producers, 28 wholesalers and retailers through filling up questionnaires. Marketing margins, marketing efficiency, marketing margin functions were determined. Findings of the study showed that marketing inefficiency and marketing cost coefficient were higher in the channel that more agents were involved. Estimating marketing margin functions of Kabkab DATES showed significant effects of retail price, marketing cost and value of soled product on the marketing margin. Finally, some recommendations such as extending credit to rural cooperatives and private sector were made to improve DATES marketing in the region.

In order to supply edible oil needs of Iran, production of oil crops including safflower should be increased. Iran is one of the origins of safflower which is a drought and salt tolerant crop. Safflower can be a suitable alternative crop for cultivation in marginal lands. Results of several, studies have indicated that delaying in planting date, significantly increase injuries of cold stress, decrease seed and oil yield of winter safflower. This experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Center of East Azarbaijan (Khosroshahr Station) during 2001-2003, using a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors were three planting DATES (16 Shahrivar, 1 and 15 Mehr) three genotypes (Zargan 279, Varamin 295 and L.R.V.51.51). The results indicated that altering planting date from 16 Shahrivar to 15 Mehr decreases plant height, seed and oil yield. It seems that the best planting date for winter safflower in Khosroshahr and similar climates, is 15-25 Shahrivar and all of the studied genotypes can be cultivated in this location. However, L.R.V.51.51 is recommended for cooler and Varamin 295 for warmer climates of East Azarbaijan province.