Benevolent activities, like other human activities, can be the subject of study in various sciences, including economics. This article seeks to find an appropriate answer to how the Infaq demand function is organized. The results of the analysis of this article, which has been done using descriptive-analytical method and with the method of library and expert inquiry, show that the demand for Infaq is composed of different vectors of characteristics. Therefore, the applicants determine the amount of their demand according to their degree of importance. This article has tried to obtain a complete set of these trajectories and suggestions to strengthen them in the country by using Quranic documents and narration and asking experts. Then, inspired by Lancaster's demand theory, establish the Infaq demand function based on these characteristics and derive the Infaq valuation function by using the Hedonic price function. Identifying the demand function of Infaq and introducing effective vectors in that path provides solutions to strengthen them in order to boost the Infaq market in the country.

The present paper applied Cointegration Vector Autoregressive (CVAR) Technique to Stone-Geary’s linear expenditure system, in order to estimate the residential demand for water in Metropolitan Tehran. Data used are for 1982-2000 period. Price-elasticity of the demand function is estimated as 8% for the point elasticity, and 12% for the average of duration. The income elastisities are estimated as 13% and 20%, respectively. This shows that the price elasticity of demand for water is inelastic. It is also indicated that the minimum use of water by Tehrani Citizens is 92 liters per-person per-day which is in the range of standard water use.

Demand for money is an important part of macroeconomic models and the monetary policy; furthermore, demand for money and its stability are important in an economy especially in the design of monetary policy. We estimate the Iran's demand for money for period (1971-200A) using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method. We also use the error correction model for short-run dynamic analysis and stability test in model. The explanatory variables include gross domestic product, inflation rate, and foreign exchange rate, short-run and long-run interest. The results show that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables. According to our finding, the gross domestic product have positive impact on the demand for money and exchange rate and inflation rate have significant negative effects on the demand for money in Iran.

In the present structure of global economy, import has an important role in determinating economec development strategies. Import is one of the factors affecting on growth and GDP. In other words, it is also one of the most important variables in the trade balance according of trade. Any change in import affects output and growth. Therefore adopting a right policy in import is considered to be very important in international trade issue. Import and factors affecting it play an impotrant role in the trade of balance each country. This paper presents a new estimation of import demand function during 1338-1376. For empirical test, we use vector auto correlation that shows import, depends positively on oil revenue, GDP and at the same time negatively affects related prices. In addition, we discussed various impulses and their immediate effects on different variables through application of impulse, response and variance decomposition and tried to show how these variables changes affect and import demand accordingly.

Adopting monetary and financial policies in economy of each country and their maximum effects depend on the correct recognition of money demand function in that country. On the other hand, stability recognition and anticipating the money demand also can be effective on controlling the mass of money in order to meet economic objectives and minimizing damages caused by wrong performance of monetary system. In present paper, estimation, function stability and forecasting money demand function in Iran during the period from 1971 through 2009 are investigated using ARDL method. Results indicate that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship among this function's variables, and direct relationship of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and inverse relationship of exchange rate variables and rate of inflation on money demand function are also approved. Also, a stability test was conducted on this function where results suggest that discussed function has long term structural stability and it can be said that reaching long term objectives according to stability of money demand function will be next to possible with a shorter interval by changing the effective variables or applying the appropriate monetary and functional policies.

The estimation of price elasticity shows that the press is a necessary good for urban and rural consumers in Iran. The estimation for income elasticity indicates that there is a high propensity to expend for the press when the income increases. Our finding shows that the trend of newspaper expenditure is more stable than magazine one for urban and rural people. On the other hand the decrease of subsidy for the press transfer to the consumers through the increasing of the prices. Therefore, these cause pressure to the people in the all income groups. Though, these subsidies are important in order for highlighting the role of the press in the development programs, especially in training and knowledge.

The main purpose of this paper is to estimate the demand for money in Iranian economy over 1338-1386 period using co-integration and error correction methodology. The analyses showed narrow definition of money (M1), domestic gross product, parallel exchange rate, prices level and return rate on long-term loans to private sector are integrated. Thus, by using Johansen and Juselius maximum likelihood co-integration approach the long-term demand for money is specified and estimated. Empirical results showed there are two co-integrated vector variables. Error correction of 0.053 indicated that despite long-run equilibrium in the money market, moving towards equilibrium in this market is done slowly. CUSUM and CUSUMQ statistics results showed that money demand function during this period was stable. Moreover, the substitution of money in Iran is confirmed.

Estimation of demand function for labor is of great importance, for such estimation explains what determines the labor. The higher the unemployment rate, the greater the importance of the research. Since Khuzestan has been characterized by high unemployment rate, it can. be conveniently chosen for case study. The Present research aims to estimate the demand for labor in Khuzestan and to analyze the determinants, using econometric methods. The period of the study is 1966-2001. The findings show that the demand for labor is affected directly by the stock of capital and the ratio of labor to capital, while employment affects, after a time lag, demand for labor inversely.

Population growth, rising living standards, and rapid urbanization give rise to increasing water demands. One of the important challenges that policymakers face is the integrated view of water resources management by giving priority to water demand. In this study, the water demand in Pardis City was estimated using the Stone-Geary Utility Function which was used to calculate price and income elasticity. Results showed that the range of price elasticity was 0.08 to 0.321 and that the income elasticity ranged from 0.165 to 0.289. Increasing water price had a greater effect on decreasing water consumption, particularly where water consumption was higher. Moreover, price elasticity in the summer was greater than in other seasons. Price elasticity was greater in higher consumption blocks than in lower consumption ones. Results also indicated that domestic price elasticity was twice the non-domestic and that price elasticity was less than 1 in all cases.