Background: Administration of a sedative drug for the patients who undergo ophthalmic procedure with regional anesthesia will decrease anxiety and increase cooperation and tolerance of patients. For this purpose drugs with minimal side effects must be used. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effects of the combination of fentanyl-diazepam on sedation of patients in cataract extraction and its comparison with propofol-diazepam.Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 100 patients who were the candidates for cataract extraction were divided in two groups. In one group, fentanyl (1.5mg/kg) with diazepam (0.04mg/kg) was administered. The other group received propofol (40mg/kg/min) and diazepam (0.04mg/kg) Sedation score, BP, PR and SPO2 were recorded during the operation period. Recall score, satisfaction of patients and post operation complications were recorded in the recovery ward. The results were compared between two groups.Results: The mean sedation score, recall score and satisfaction of patients were (3.1±0.6), (2.1±0.5) and (2.1±0.7) respectively in fentanyl-diazepam group. In propofol-diazepam group, results were (2.2±9.5), (2.2±0.4) and (2±0.4) respectively. Sedation score was significantly higher in fentanyl-diazepam group than the other one. No major side effects, e.g apnea, patient's movement and postoperative compilications were observed in the two groups.Conclusion: We conclude that fentanyl-diazepam combination provides reliable degree of sedation and decrease recall with minimal side effects in cataract surgery with regional anesthesia. This combination is better than propofol-diazepam administration.

Absence status epilepticus (ASE) is a common form of nonconvulsive status epilepcticus. It is characterized by loss of consciousness with spike and wave discharges in EEG simultaneously. The most effective treatment of ASE is diazepam, either infusion or in divided doses; the former is more expensive since patients must be admitted in an Intensive Care Unit. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of diazepam infusion and parenteral diazepam in divided doses in the treatment of ASE.Materials & MethodsThis randomized controlled clinical trial, enrolled 20 patients with absence status epilepticus. Diagnosis was made based on the clinical manifestations and electroencephalogram (EEG). Prior to treatment, all patients underwent EEG and imaging. Patients were randomized to receive 0.2 mg/kg/h diazepam infusion or 0.2 mg/kg in six daily doses. Clinical and EEG improvements were considered to be optimal responses. ResultsOf the 20 patients studied, 13 (65%) were boys and the remaining 7(35%) were girls. There were no differences between the two groups regarding age and sex (non-significant). Following treatments after 48 hours, 1 week and 1 month respectively, clinical improvement in previous problems (loss of consciousness, ataxia, behavior and speech problems) and EEGs was similar in both groups (p=1). There were controlled seizures in 18 (90%), abnormal CT scans in 5 (25%), abnormal EEGs after treatments in 6 (30%) cases; however no significant differences were seen between the two groups.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that there are no significant differences between treatments of ASE with diazepam infusion and parenteral diazepam in divided doses. Treatment of ASE, with divided doses of diazepam is easier, less expensive and patients do not require to be hospitalized in an Intensive Care unit. 

Background: Infertility is an active disability. Male factors account for 50% of infertility cases. Disruption of sperm function and damage to spermatogenesis are among of the most common causes of male infertility. Anatomical trauma or anatomical defects in the reproductive system and the use of drugs to treat diseases can disrupt the production of sperm and infertility in men. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of diazepam on fertility in men. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male Wistar rats, weighing 200-250 g, were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups of 6: control and treatment groups with injectable doses of 2 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, and 1 mg/kg5, and the injections were proportional to the weight of the rats, in the amount of 0. 18 ml / 0, 1. 0 ml / ml, 0. 16 ml / ml, and 0. 2 ml / ml. Serum physiology was injected for the control group. Then, the anesthetized rats, testicular, vas deferens, and epididymis were examined for examination, testis, sperm motility, and live sperm count. The results were analyzed using Minitab and Anova tests with significance level set at P <0. 05. Results: The results of weight control showed that large and small testicles, percentage of sperm, and sperm count with forward mobility, compared with those of control group decreases in injectable groups at a dose of 3 mg / kg in all factors other than the number of sperm with forward mobility. In other groups, only testicular weight decreased significantly in mg / kg2 (P <0. 01). Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that diazepam with injectable dose of 3 mg / kg had a decreasing effect on the effective parameters on fertility.

case of limb gangrene secondary to accidental intra-arterial (I.A.) diazepam injection in an infant is described. Hazards of I.A. diazepam injection, the possible mechanisms leading to this injury, the preventive measures and the therapeutic modalities are discussed.