Nowadays most organizations seek to promote their employees' efficiency and achieve the best pattern to set their high organizational goals. In this paper it has been tried to recognize FATEB human resources pathology indicators and standards, categorizing them in three groups of structural, behavioral, and DOMAIN losses in order to analyzing their impacts on organization's performance.The descriptive was applied to identify elements influencing human resources pathology. Statistical population was all employees of FATEB that 150 person were randomly selected to perform prepared test. The results reveal that the vulnerability includes structural elements (interview & employment, assignment, promotion, performance assessment) and behavioral elements (motivation, job satisfaction, organizational culture and job security) and lowest losses are pertaining to DOMAIN category.

ABSTRACTDuring the last century, ports of Persian Gulf become the most important storage, refining and transportation of crude oil, oil derivation, petrochemical products and also, business activities. Nowadays, due to functional diversity between ports, the impact of port activities on the development of urban spaces will be different, and this issue leads to structural differences of port cities. The purpose of this research is to identify the key VARIABLES affecting the relations and spatial structure of port-city in Dubai as the most thriving and successful port-city in the Persian Gulf. This research is based on deductive reasoning and carried out by analysis of cross effects with secondary data (results of other prominent articles) and also primary data (questionnaire). sampling method is based on purposive sampling and Micmac software was used to analyze the data. Output of Micmac software shows the position of the instability of the system. Therefore, the position of each VARIABLES in the conceptual model can be categorized to driver, linkage, dependent, and autonomous factors. The research findings indicate 4 VARIABLES (like as “income, cost and investmnets in port-city”) can be introduced as a driver factor, 5 VARIABLES (like as “advanced multimodal transportation in the port”) can be introduced as a linkage factor, 6 VARIABLES (like as “quality of living environment and desirable city”) can be introduced as a dependent factor, 3 VARIABLES (like as “environmental protection and sustainable development of the city-port”) can be introduced as an autonomous factor. The rapid development of Dubai can be explained by the purposeful distribution of revenues from trade and tourismExtended AbstractIntroductionDuring the last century, ports of Persian Gulf become the most important storage, refining and transportation of crude oil, oil derivation, petrochemical products and also, business activities. The global increase in oil demand since the 1950s led to the creation of discovery of new oil wells and large industrial areas. With the construction of new oil or gas facilities in the port areas, increasing oil revenues contributed to the countries of the Persian Gulf region and form a new geographical relationship between ports and coastal cities which had an impact on the spatial structure and relation of them. Nowadays, due to functional diversity between ports, the impact of port activities on the development of urban spaces will be different, and this issue leads to structural differences of port cities. In the 1950s, Containerization (container loading technology) was based in some of the world's ports and created a huge transformation in the shipping industry, which had a significant impact on the development of ports. Although the ports of the Persian Gulf have made a significant contribution to the economic growth and physical development of other ports in the world, but few researches have been done on the VARIABLES and factors affecting the development of the spatial structure of the important ports of the Persian Gulf. This region, due to its unique geographical location, has always been considered as a most important corridor in the field of economic and transportation throughout history. Some of the most important energy and commercial ports in this region are: Dubai, Manama, Kuwait, Dammam, Doha, Bushehr, Bandar-Abbas and Assaluyeh. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to identify the key VARIABLES affecting the relations and spatial structure of port-city in Dubai as the most thriving and successful port-city in the Persian Gulf. MethodologyThis research is based on deductive reasoning and carried out by analysis of cross effects with secondary data (results of other prominent articles) and also primary data (questionnaire). The method used in this research is quantitative and the sampling method is based on purposive sampling. the VARIABLES affecting the spatial structure of port-city relations were identified in the form of a review of 31 prominent articles. 25 experts (who had comprehensive knowledge and information about the development process of the city-port of Dubai) participated to determine the effectiveness or influence of VARIABLES. Finally, the output of data analysis was done by the Micmac software. Results and discussionOutput of Micmac software shows the position of the VARIABLES in the diagram that it indicates their status in the system and their role in the dynamics and changes of the system. The method of distribution and dispersion of the VARIABLES in the spatial structure of port-city relations indicates the instability of the system. Therefore, based on the output of the system, the position of each VARIABLES in the conceptual model can be identified in five categories (driver, linkage, dependent, autonomous and regulatory VARIABLES). According to the results, some VARIABLES such as “the changes in the strategic positions” and “geopolitics of port-city”, “the modification of the management method” and “regional planning of the ports”, “the promotion of local governance in the relations between port-city” and “the way of national and international management of ports have been introduced as driver VARIABLES. On the other hand, five VARIABLES consist of “advanced multimodal transportation in the port” and “income, cost and investment in the port-city”, “the contrast and physical integration of the port - city space”, “the development of various industrial and production activities in the ports and their local hinterland” and “their qualities Financial and commercial policies of ports” have been introduced as linkage VARIABLES. Findings of research also shows that some VARIABLES consist of “quality of living environment and desirable city”, “quantity and quality of transit corridors (rail, road and air) to hinterland”, “construction and launching the new port (sea port or dry port)”, “terminal facilities and infrastructure and warehousing”, “conflict or convergence between the city and the port” and “increase in population growth rate and migration to the port - city” categorized as dependent VARIABLES. Three VARIABLES including “cultural and historical background of ports”, “use of cheaper energy, Less-polluted, clean and renewable energies in the city-port” and “environmental protection and sustainable development of the city-port” categorized as autonomous VARIABLES. Finally, a variable with the title of “improvement in management and information technology and development in loading, unloading and storage of commodities” have been introduced as regulatory VARIABLES. The findings of this research have a remarkable similarity with other researches carried out in the field of city-port relation and clearly emphasize the direct impact of the "investment in port-city" in the development of them. For example, Grossmann (2008) emphasized that city-port of Hamburg has become one of the largest ports in Northern Europe during the last few decades due to huge domestic and foreign investment. ConclusionThis research carried out in order to introduce and explain the key VARIABLES affecting the development of the spatial structure of the port-city of Dubai. On this basis, 21 VARIABLES have been extracted by systematic reviews of prominent articles. In the following, 25 experts were selected with the purposive sampling method. Among the 21 VARIABLES extracted, 4 VARIABLES (like as “geopolitics of port-city”) introduced as a driver factor, 5 VARIABLES (like as “advanced multimodal transportation in the port”) introduced as a linkage factor, 6 VARIABLES (like as “quality of living environment and desirable city”) introduced as a dependent factor, 3 VARIABLES (like as “environmental protection and sustainable development of the city-port”) introduced as an autonomous factor. The rapid development of Dubai can be explained by the purposeful distribution of revenues from trade and tourism. A part of these revenues has been directed towards investment in important transportation infrastructures such as airports and ports of this city. These strategies have a wide impact on improving the economic growth of the city and the development of the port in order to adapt with the global trade and advanced technologies. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

There is a set of VARIABLES affecting the results of an inversion process. Some effects are negligible while others are significant. It is important to know these essential VARIABLES to set them appropriately. In this study, the effect of change in the number and the thickness of the layers, the trade-off parameter, the number of frequencies and frequency content of the signals used for the inversion are studied. Occam’s inversion is employed to reconstruct the resistivity and/or conductivity of the assumed layers.The thickness and number of layers can affect the recovered model. The best way to choose the number of layers is to increase it until the fitness error flattens. The error decreases, significantly with the inclusion of the first additional layer then in increasingly lesser degrees with subsequent additions, until it reaches a relatively constant level. The number of layers at which it first reaches this constant level is assumed to be the best number. As the number of layers is increased, the original model is modified slightly. On the other hand, the EM signal strength drops exponentially with distance. Hence, it is better to increase the thickness of the lower layers to overcome this decrease. Experience shows that logarithmically increasing thicknesses result in better models. However, if the sufficient number of layers has been chosen, the change in thickness cannot affect the recovered model significantly because a thick layer can be estimated as a sum of thinner layers.The trade-off parameter has a critical effect on model parameters. It controls whether more weight is given to minimize the norm of the data misfit or model norm. When this parameter is large, the inversion process tends to produce a smoother model and the data misfit becomes less important. On the other hand, when it is small, the data misfit takes over regardless of a priori information. Generally speaking, the best trade-off parameter is considered to be that at which the data fit is satisfying. The results of this paper show that the effect of the changes on the trade-off parameter is significant and if one chooses it inappropriately, the estimated model will fail to represent the true model.It is clear that the inversion response depends on the number of data used. The more data used, the better the model produced. The values of frequencies used are also important because high frequency data can have information only about surface layers while low frequency data have more information from deeper layers. The effect of the number and values of the frequencies was studied by changing or removing high/low frequency. The results show that the change in frequency content causes a considerable effect on the resolution of inversion.We also studied the effect of the changes of these parameters on the results of inverting a real data set and the results confirm the effects described in the models recovered.In brief, we can say that the effects due to changes in the number and the thickness of layers are negligible, but the effects of changes in the trade-off parameter and the number of frequencies are significant.

The present study is going to illustrate the necessity of exempting the divorce from the private parties' agreement (control) and the important need of the assertion of legal mechanism to access to the specific legal norm in respect of this divorce. It will be suggested with the purpose of the protection of family institution as a social and ethical entity. The present study is a descriptive analytical research. Accordingly the researcher will describe the characteristics of the legal institution of divorce at first and then it will explain the different legal system's attitude to this respect. Afterward the prerequisites and the condition of the validity of this type of divorces in various times will be evaluated. Finally the ambiguity existed regarding to this issue in different legal system will be examined. A legal system in which the family as a social and ethical institution is protected by law will deal with the dissolution of this entity more sensitively and will prevent the inopportune divorces. Consequently this divorce cannot be leaved to the mere agreement of the married couple. This approach will not regard the dissolution of the family as a revocation of private contractor rescission and it will enter in the public DOMAIN. The Iranian legal system seems to accept such an attitude. It has not regarded the mere agreements of married couple as a sufficient condition for the termination of marriage contract.Since a lot of inopportune divorces which have been precipitately and unreasonably occurred in the first years after the marriage will threat the family institution, the appropriate law should prevent the adventitious and unreasonable termination of the marriage. As mentioned above the Iranian legal system, in spite of some vagueness’s, has accepted this approach and has limited the autonomy of the married couple in rescission of the marriage contract.

This work deals with misfit angles which are observable in ferroelastic phase transition. In this paper the misfit angles are calculated for six different ferroelastic phase transitions, where there is only one possible misfit angle. We use spontaneous strain tensor and Algebraic and geom- etric approach observable in the calculation. This method can be used for all possible misfit angles and for all ferroelastic species are given.

The nature of metaphor, metaphoric understanding, and its functions have been recognized as three main issues in research and theoretical formulations on metaphor and metaphor processing. In general, metaphor is defined as understanding and experiencing one thing based on another. Metaphor can also be considered as an expression that has two conceptual DOMAINs in which one of the DOMAINs is experienced and understood according to the other. These two conceptual DOMAINs are known as target DOMAIN and source DOMAIN. In this study, we examine the relationship between conceptual metaphor and formation of a schema in short texts regarding target and source DOMAINs. The main tools of the study were the texts written in fluent Persian and divided into two categories of metaphorical texts and their equivalent non-metaphorical versions. Both texts have had a shared schema. Furthermore, the number of words were equal in both texts. For this purpose, 3 metaphorical and 3 equivalent non-metaphorical short texts were designed in Psychopy software in 2 visual and auditory versions and 47 people were exposed to the short-term recognition after reading/listening to it. There were eight texts including 3 metaphorical and 3 non-metaphorical ones plus 2 texts that were used as filler texts which were excluded from the final analyses. The texts were organized in such a manner that the metaphorical text played before its corresponding non-metaphorical text with an interval. At the next round, the nonmetaphorical text was played before its metaphorical version. The sample was selected through convenience sampling which included 80 twenty to twenty-five-year-old students of Foreign Languages School and Management School of Allameh Tabatabai University in Tehran. Since variations in memory capacity can affect the test results, they were given a Persian word recognition test to ensure relative consistency among all participants' memory capacity. The test processes in the visual and auditory tests were the same except in the method of presenting the texts on the screen or playing through the headphone. In this study, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for analyzing the data and providing tentative answers to the research questions. All the analyses were implemented SPSS V. 23 software. To analyse the data in each of the visual and auditory tasks separately, Friedman non-parameter test was used. For comparing the data of the visual and auditory tasks, Mann-Whitney test was used. Results indicated that in metaphorical texts, there are traces of the non-metaphorical text`s main schema. This finding brings us closer to the assumption that it is source DOMAIN`s schema that projects on target DOMAIN in metaphors and makes it more understandable.