Background & Objective: Two enzymes have the ability to hydrolyze acetylcholine. One is acetyl cholinesterase, which is called true cholinesterase, it is found in erythrocytes. The other cholinesterase is pseudo cholinesterase, it is found in serum. Some chemical components of organophosphates group and carbamates affected cholinesterase activity. Determination of cholinesterase has application in diagnosis of liver disease, liver damage by insecticide and assessment of fatty liver. Pesticide factory workers are one group of peoples which are exposed of poisoning by pesticide.Materials & Methods: This research in 2005 performed in pesticide producers. In two stages (3 month interval) from 58 of personal blood was drown.Results: Mean of erythrocyte cholinesterase in first stage was 48.5±11.2 IU/gHb and second stage was 37.9±17.3 IU/gHb. Decrease of erythrocyte cholinesterase was significant differences (paired t test, P<0.05). Increase of serum AST was not statistically significant. Increase of serum ALT and Albumin was significant differences (paired t test, p<0.05). In 15 individual (25.9 %) cholinesterase Decrease more than 35% and in 16 workers (27.6 %) erythrocyte cholinesterase Decrease between 26-35%.Conclusion: Since in more than 26% of personnel cholinesterase Decreased over than 35%, routine assessment of cholinesterase in similar factory, is recommended.

One of the best Technology for environmental protection and source of water, Reused of wastewater. In the poly acrylic Textile Wastewater contained acetic acid, Ritarder, Softner and etc. Our objective was to examine convenient methods for elimination of color and reduction of COD by pretreatment of influent through addition of calcium hypochlorite. Influent was collected in holding tank of 8m3 and was chlorinated by calcium hypochlorite of 65% with dosage of 1 gram per liter with retention time of 10 minute. The oxidized wastewater was conditioned by lime for neutralizing pH (mg/L) and in cases of free chlorine presence; thiosulfate was also added in range of 1 to 10 mg/L. The processed wastewater was injected with flow of 0.68 m3/hr in extended aeration tank for 12 hours. Application of calcium hypochlorite with dosage of 1 g/L and 10 minutes retention time resulted in reduction of color and COD 65 and 95 percent respectively. The quantity of COD after pretreatment with calcium hypochlorite in range of 3280 to 6650 mg/L was reduced to 119.5-128 mg/L. Conventional biological treatment dose not have capability for proper treatment of acrylic textile wastewater with high content of coloring dissolved chemical and COD. This method demonstrated a practical and economical treatment technique for such wastewater.

Fallowing previous researches about psychological social problems of ADHD students, this research was condacted with purpose of investigating the effects of Group Consultation with Mothers on Decrease of ADHD symptoms of their children, and Decrease of stress of the mothers. The research method was experimental. The subjects of research were 30 mothers with ADHD Children in Saghez city. Researcth consisted of 15 members children selected by Rater-Teacher Behavioral questionnaire. Also parents were interviewed on the basis of DSM-IV diagnosis criteria. And DASS021 tests were conducted before and after the intervention. Covariance analysis and Dependent t, Test of data showed that consultation with mothers Decreased social malajustmens of their children and secreased social maladjustmens of their children and Decreased stress of mothers.

Background: Type-1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which T lymphocytes destroy insulin-producing β-cells. Control of self-reactive T lymphocytes and recovery of diabetic injury is the end point of T1D. Objective: To investigate generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) as an innovative method of diabetes therapy. Methods: Lentivirus vector production was achieved by GIPZ mouse CD40 shRNA, psPAX2 and pMD2G plasmids DNA. Purified bone marrow derived DCs were treated with CD40 shRNA, and expression of CD40 and mRNA level were evaluated by flow cytometry and Real-Time PCR, respectively. CD40 knock-down DCs were injected into STZ-induced diabetic mice. Blood glucose; glucose tolerance test and weight were analyzed in different groups. Results: Mice treated with CD40 shRNA transfected DCs showed considerable differences in blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and weight compared to other groups. Also cytokine assays indicated an increase in IL-13 production in the CD40 shRNA group. Conclusion: In streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice model, administration of tolerogenic dendritic cells could improve diabetic parameters.

Background and Objective: Some studies show that, there is a relationship between Decrease of serum magnesium (Mg) level and the insulin resistance in diabetic type 2 patients. The aim of this study was to compare the Mg level in type 2 diabetic with non-diabetic individuals.Material and Methods: Diabetic patients (n=35) and control group (n=35) were randomly selected from over -35- year-old individuals referring to the hospital of Imam Ali, And imeshk.Results: Mg levels in diabetic and non- diabetic groups are 1.33±0.27 and 1.62±0.21 mg/dl, respectively, and the difference is statistically significant (p<0.001). A reversed significant relationship is seen between FPG and Mg among type 2 diabetic patients, whereas no significant relationship is seen between Mg and other variables, (TG, Chol and HDL). In non-diabetics group, there is a reversed significant relationship between the Mg and Chol, while no relationship between other variables and magnesium.Conclusion: In diabetic patients, with increased level of FPG, serum Mg levels are Decreased significantly. Moreover, serum Mg levels in diabetic patients are significantly lower than non-diabetics.

In this study, the investigator has considered resting Sa02 and reduction of vo2 max values at altitude as two criteria of Decrease in cardiorespiratory efficiency at altitude. For this purpose; 11 young men volunteers were selected as subjects and their physical characteristics, pulmonary factors (VC, FVC, FEV1,FEV3,MVV), vo2 max, breach holding time and also Sa02 values (at rest and during test) were measured in kermanshah (1330 m). Two days later, after climbing to Mount Parau (3150 m), the resting Sa02 values and AMS symptoms scores were recorded in different times of the stay at altitude. And after 22 hours stay at altitude, vo2max, breach holding time and Sa02 values (during tests) were measured. Statistical analysis yields the following results: Resting Sa02 and vo2 max values were Decreased significantly at altitude. Neither the mean resting Sa02 at altitude correlated with breach holding time and vo2max values in the city. But the mean resting Sa02 at altitude has significant negative correlation with the percent of Decrease in vo2 max at altitude. Also, the resting Sa02 was increased significantly by prolonging stay time at altitude. But, the most important findings of this study was that all of the pulmonary factors had significant negative correlation with percent of Decrease in vo2 max at altitude and significant positive correlation with the mean resting Sa02 at altitude (except FEV1). This result can probably clarify the individual differences in physiological responses to altitude, and also be a factor to distinguish those whose cardiorespiratory efficiency at altitude (compare with others) reduce less.