The Effect of different culture conditions on growth and production of antimicrobial agents by Oudemansiella spp, using the variable Size - Simplex Design, were investigated. The results obtained from the experiments indicated that the optimum condition for growth and production of antimicrobial agents, situated at pH between 5.6 and 6.8, temperature between 28°C and 30.6 ºC, shaking rate between 137 and 170 rpm. The results also showed the fungus grow and produced antimicrobial agents at a very wide range of glucose concentration. Increasing the concentration of glucose over 15 g/L, resulted in decreasing the activity of the fungus.

In this paper the robust control of multi variable singular perturbation systems is studied. In order to robust the control of the system, only the additive modeling error is considered. Based on the above bounds of modeling error and the Nyquist criteria and in order to improve the performance of the system a relation is found to determine the robust controller. The singular perturbation system is decomposed into fast and slow subsystems and the robust controller is Designed for reduced order systems. It is explained how to find the new bound to stabilize the system and decrease the sensitivity.

Introduction: In Water regulation and distribution structures are the main components of any irrigation network. If these structures fail, it has a direct impact on the network performance and water loss. The type and shape of the regulation structure can be effective for better performance of the distribution structure. Studies show that one of the problems in the irrigation networks is due to the mechanism of existing structures. At the present, regulation structures with various shapes are used in the world. Rubicon Water has been working in Australia since 1995 to develop, build and install water regulation and distribution structures. The automated regulation structure of the company, called FlumeGate, has been installed in different countries such as Australia, India, China and the United States. In the present study, the variable height whirling-VHW weir was introduced, Designed, and constructed inspired by FlumeGate. The shape, mechanism and installation of this weir are relatively simple. The energy required to change its position is less than other gates. This is an overshot structure that has a better performance in the face of floating objects. Placing the weir crest at different heights is another advantage over the fixed weirs. By determining the stage-discharge relationship at different angles, it can also be used as a flow measurement structure. The purpose of this study is to determine the stage-discharge relationship of the structure and its discharge coefficient at different openings. Methodology: The body of variable height whirling weir consists of two quarter circle sections on both sides and a rectangular section on the floor. At full opening, the rectangular section is placed horizontally and provides the maximum cross-sectional area for flow. By whirling the body, this structure acts like a weir and, while regulating the water level, also passes a specified discharge. A flume with a trapezoidal section with a length of 60. 5 m was used to investigate the hydraulic behavior of VHW weir. The bottom width of this flume is 0. 3 meters, the maximum depth is 0. 25 meters, the side slope is 1: 1 and the average slope is 0. 0009. The VHW weir was installed at a distance of 44. 5 meters from the beginning of the canal to create a uniform flow. To collect the required data, different weir openings were investigated in each specified discharge. Data including discharge, upstream water level of weir and angle of weir floor relative to the horizon were recorded. At each stage of the experiment, discharge was recorded by a flowmeter for two minutes and piezometer board was captured via digital photography. The recorded photos were digitized by Grapher software and the water depth in the all piezometers was determined. For determining the stage-discharge relationship of this structure in free flow condition, hydraulic, power and dimensional analysis methods were used. Results and Discussion: In the hydraulic method, stage-discharge rating curves were plotted by the upstream water depth of the VHW weir and inlet discharge to the canal at different angles. Then, the discharge coefficient was determined for each opening. By obtaining the discharge coefficient for each opening, a relation can be written for the changes of the discharge coefficient versus the angle. Considering the relationship between the discharge coefficient and the angle, it can be seen that for angles larger than 35 degree, the VHW weir had a different performance compared to the smaller angles. The reason for changing the data trend can be attributed to increase the effect of the weir wall on the flow. In the power method by having the upstream water depth of the VHW weir and the inlet discharge to the canal, it is also possible to obtain a relation for the coefficient C and b versus the angle. In this method, the relationship trend changes at angle of 30 degrees. To generalize the results, the two dimensionless parameters which obtained from Buckingham theorem were plotted. According to the graph and the data trend, the stage-discharge relationship can be divided into two parts. Data up to an angle of 35 degrees follows a trend, so it is rational to use from one relation for angle of 7 to 35 degrees and another relation for angle of 35 to 50 degrees. Based on the statistical parameters, the obtained relationships based on the dimensional analysis gave a better result. Conclusion: discharge of VHW weir was obtained by three methods: hydraulic, power and dimensional analysis. Comparison of the statistical parameters of these three methods shows that the relationship obtained from the dimensional analysis is almost consistent with the data. The results show that the hydraulic behavior of the weir at angles larger than 35 degrees is different from smaller angles. The main reason for this difference is the effect of the structure body on the flow path.

This paper presents the results on the development of a novel micromachined parallel plate tunable capacitor with a wide tuning range. Different from conventional parallel plate capacitors, this novel tunable capacitor consists of one suspended top plate, suspending with four oblique arms and one bottom fixed plate. These oblique arms increase the length of the cantilevers, in order to cause more deflection and, hence, increase the tuning range of the capacitor for constant bias voltage. Applying a DC voltage between two plates provides electrostatic actuation for capacitance tuning. According to electromagnetic simulation. a tuning range of 146% has been achieved with a 1.7 volt bias voltage. An empirical behavioral model is extracted from simulated y parameters of the structure  

Introduction In this study, two optimization models for trapezoidal open channel cross-sectional Design have been investigated. In one optimization model the lined free board is not considered and in the other the lined free board is considered. In fact, in this study, for the first time in the field of the optimization of open channels, in addition to the total free board, the lined free board is also considered as a Design variable. In the two optimization models mentioned above, the first objective function is considered as a cost function. The discharge, Manning's roughness coefficient and the longitudinal bed slope of the channel were random variables, because in real life situation, the actual flow may exceed the Design flow because of probable fault in the control of flow at the off take point, and the uncertain lateral inflow. The actual Manning roughness values may exceed the assumed Design values because of imperfections in fabrication. The physical bed slope achieved may differ from the Design values because of fabrication faults. These variations can cause the occasional flooding of man-made open channels. To maintain provisions for these possible variations within the Designed cross-sectional dimensions, a flooding probability constraint must be incorporated in the optimal Design model. The Manning flow equation is also considered as a constraint. Overall in the two models of optimization, the first objective is to minimize the cost of excavation and the lining channel cost and the second objective is to minimize the probability of overflow from its cross section. The Manning flow equation is also considered as a constraint. These models have solved with Wolfram Mathematica software. Methods Due to the probability of the second objective function, the model is classified into random optimization models and this is a two-objective optimization problem. To obtain the answers to the two-objective optimization problem, the multi-objective constrained programming method is used, which converts the vector optimization into a numerical one. This conversion from vector to numerical formulas with regard to the first objective is to minimize the total cost of the channel as the single objective in this problem and the second objective which seeks to minimize the overflow, as an additional constraint. In this study, the flooding probability constraint is developed by using the first order analysis that essentially uses the calculus based differentiation of the Manning uniform flow. The numerical and deterministic form of the previous modeling are solved with Wolfram Mathematica software for a numerical example. Results The results of solving models with the Wolfram Mathematica software for a numerical example showed that in both optimization models (with lined free board and no lined free board), for the probability of overflow, the total cost was greater and with increasing probability of overflow from 0. 225 to 0. 3, the total cost, the bottom width of the channel, the total free board and the lined free board have decreased. On the other hand, the depth of flow in the channel and side slopes have increased. But in general, the total cost for the construction of a channel in a model with a lined free board is lowered compared to that in which the lined free board is not considered. In other words, considering the lined free board in the open channel, the optimal section has been created at a lower total cost. These results are presented in the form of tables and probability overflow – cost diagrams. According to the results of this study, the cost of channel construction has increased for both models with decreasing the possibility of overflow. Also for low values of overflow, it is necessary to increase the total free board (and lined) and make the channel wider. Comparison of the free board model with a model that did not include the free board showed that considering the lined free board or somehow the unlined part, reduced the total cost. On the other hand, in general, the best choice among all the optimized responses obtained with different overflow probabilities in each model is up to the Design engineer, who can determine the budget, importance, and usability of the channel and many other factors. It should be noted that it is suggested that land acquisition and water loss costs (evaporation, transpiration) be included in the objective function to develop the current Design in future research and it is also possible to compare the results with current Design standards.

Today, quality improvement and cost reduction are key factors for achieving business success, growth and position. One of the primary tools for quality improvement and cost reduction in online activities of statistical process control is control charts. As the need for monitoring several correlated quality characteristics is extensively growing, the use of multivariate control charts becomes more popular. Among these, the T2 control chart is the most popular due to many advantages. In this paper, the variable sampling scheme is studied to increase the power of the fixed sampling rate (FRS) T2 control chart to show small shifts. In this study, one of the parameters of T2control chart, e.g., the sample size, vary between three values, depending on the most recent T2 value.The Design of T2 control chart with three variable sample sizes (3VSS) from the statistical and economic perspective has been investigated, when the shift in the process mean does not occur at the beginning but at some random time in the future. Therefore, the Markov Chain approach used to develop the cost function. Then, the genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to search for the optimal values of the parameters of the3VSS control chart. Finally, numerical comparisons among FRS and 3VSS schemes are made and discussed.

Maps are the most important medium for presenting navigational information to drivers. Quality of maps, presented to their users, has a direct impact on the usability and performance of a car navigation system. In this regard, displaying maps adapted to user's environment and their condition is critical. Users in different context need maps with various scales -zoom level and level of details- to fulfill their information requirements. Since, using a car navigation system is not elementary task for drivers, selecting and presenting maps with proper zoom levels and level of details must be performed by the system intelligently and automatically. In this paper, we offer a method to select the two mentioned factors automatically to present legible maps in different context. Values of these two factors are depending on user's context, so context aware computing has been used in the proposed method. Context aware computing is a computing that enables systems to acquire current user’s context and adapt its behavior accordingly. In this research, various contexts that may have an impact on map scale are studied and then an approach to select proper scale in such contexts is proposed. In addition, based on context aware computing concept an adaptation model is offered that enables system to determine proper map scale in different context. As a proof of the idea, a prototype car navigation system- with the ability of displaying maps in appropriate scales with different context- is implemented and tested in parts of Tehran.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is one of the most successful techniques of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and is mostly in use for the treatment of infertility with male factors. In this method, before injecting sperm into the intracytoplasmic of the oocyte, cumulus cells around the oocyte must be stripped to facilitate the injection process. To achieve this, both enzymatic and mechanical methods are used in embryological laboratories for denudation, which has major deficiencies, including the possibility of damaging the oocyte prior to the injection process. In this research, a microfluidic-based device is introduced for the separation of cumulus cells around the oocyte with minimum manual operations. The results prove high efficiency, and non-destructive denudation of the oocyte with the reduced amount of culture medium leads to the low-cost preparation process of oocytes. The process can also be integrated with ICSI chips under development and will be reported shortly.