Befor zoroaster, Arians worshiped numerous gods. Some of those gods namly “Div”s were common between Indians and Iranians. Upon parting from Indians, Iranians began to view the “Div”s as devils. Zoroastrians belive in seven “Div”s versus seven “Emshaspandan”. The devil created six “Div” s whits whom to fight “Ahura Mazda”. The first “Div” is called “Akoumneh” which means malicious. It was postulated against “Vahomneh” or “Bahman”. To some researchers, “Akoumneh” is the same as “Akwan” the devil that was fought and killd by “Rostam” as reported in Ferdousi’s epic, “Shahnameh”.This article does not deal whit “Div” from a mystic point of view because the subject calls for some larger- scope research.

Genome-wide identification of orthologs and paralogs gene clusters across different species is considered as a common strategy for predicting gene function. Regarding to importance role of species-specific paralog genes in adaptation to specific environmental stresses, identification of paralog genes in the Aeluropus littoralis, halophyte plant, was considered in this study. For this purpose, the proteome data of four species including A. littoralis, Oryza sativa, Brachypodium distachyon and Sorghum bicolor was compared genome-widely. Based on OrthoMCL analysis, by comparing of 15916 protein sequences of A. littoralis to proteome of other species, 10312 orthologs gene cluster were identified that shared in all given species while 70 unique paralog gene clusters were devoted to A. littoralis. Gene ontology annotation of these paralog clusters showed that they are involved in key biological processes such as cellular processes, metabolic DNA processes, chromatin organization, response to environmental stimuli and cell growth and cycle. The study of the largest cluster of this set led to the identification of a family of small polypeptides (72-39 aa) that is called DEVIL (DVL). Analysis of A. littoralis transcriptome data in a Heatmap display a divergence in gene expression patterns of DVL gene family that could be an evident for their sub‐ functionalization in biological processes and molecular functions of the cell. Functional analysis of AlDVL peptide hormones (phytohormones) could be useful for identifying their potential role in the mechanisms involved in drought and salinity tolerance.

Physiognomy and character of Satan as a creature driven by the Creator, has always been controversial. Satan has sworn off to divert man from the right path to his own disbelief and polytheism. Holy Quran has always warned man of Satan's deceit. According to the emphasis of the holy Quran and other sources such as the hadith narrations, character of Satan is hateful to Muslims and believers.On the other hand, world cinema and televisions as media with the highest number of audience have always tried to represent the invisible world and the paranormal. Representations of the supernatural beings and the world, will help the audience gain a better understanding of them. This research is trying to describe the serpent's place in the mundane world. Thus the subject of two television series "Coma" and "She Was an Angel" are analyzed as two representations of evil.

By carefully reading the well-known Hafiz’ s verse that says: Man malak budam o ferdowse barin jayam bud/Adam avard dar in deyre xarababadam, this question arises for most readers/listeners regarding: who is the verse’ s ‘ I’ narrator who called himself the angel of heaven and Adam as the reason for his falling in the world? Glossarists and scholars have brought up seven different views about this, among which verse interpretation with the language of the Adam (mankind type) or human soul is more famous and more acceptable. But, with the precision in the semantic structure of the first hemistich in which the speaker called himself the ‘ angel’ , and the syntactic logic of the verse that the first hemistich’ s narrator is first person singular and the subject of the second hemistich is third person singular which lead to the degradation of the ‘ I/narrator’ s verse’ , another possibility is that the verse probably is from the Devil’ s language observing the adventure of his prostration to Adam (pbuh) and expulsion from paradise and falling into the lower world. With this proposed interpretation, Hafiz’ s verse also will be an evidence of the issue of praising Devil in Persian literature and the examples of this angle’ s plaintive mute language about his stand-in and the first dignity and excommunication and past separation of himself.

"She learned from Devil and burned" narrates the urban life. The author by making use of the classical but interesting technique of "Diaries", depicts the heroine of her novel, while paying a special attention to the element of time. By using this technique, she narrates nearly a two year time-span of her protagonist’s life in a way that her homelessness can be deeply felt.The laborious but monotonous life of the protagonist, through focusing on the element of time, seems effective and convincing enough. The theoretical framework adopted in this article is that of Genette for analyzing narratives. This model shows how important the role of time and its interrelated elements are as the focal techniques used in the Modernistic narratives.

Fahmi Jadaan is one of the Palestinian thinkers and Jordanian academics who pays special attention to the field of Arab civilization and the contemporary Arab world and has published numerous works in this field. In the book Khā, rij al-Sarb: Baḥ, th fi al-Nisvī, yah al-Islā, miyyah al-Rā, fiḍ, ah va Aghrā, t al-Ḥ, urī, yyah, he reports and analyzes Islamic feminism in the contemporary world. In this book, in six chapters, he tries to give a comprehensive picture of the various currents that are included under the category of Islamic feminism and count their differences and evaluate their achievements. In this book, he first talks about the origin of Islamic feminism and considers contemporary Iran and «Zanan» magazine as one of its origins. Then, it deals with the Quranic interpretive views of feminists such as Amina Wadud, Leila Ahmed and Fatemeh Al-Marnesi and places them in a group that, while adhering to the validity of the Holy Qur›, an, try to give different interpretations of the verses regarding the Islamic rulings of women. Then Jadaan gives a report from the point of view of four feminists who, although they have been trained in Islamic culture, are not aligned with Islam. In the final chapter, he analyzes and criticizes some of these feminists and while suggesting paying attention to this phenomenon, and accepting some of their claims, he proposes to deal with it in an appropriate way. In this article, after reviewing the book, I have tried to recount some methodological and content considerations about this book and evaluate it.

Objectives: This study aims to explain the allegorical view of Allameh Tabatabai about the story of the devil. Method: This research has investigated this issue by means of rational and narrative analysis. Results: By accepting the existence of allegory in the language of the Qur'an, Allameh considered the understanding of the facts in some verses to be subject to allegorical expression. He proved the allegory of the story of Iblis with three reasons: "the context of the text of the Qur'an", "rational reason" and "narrative reason". According to him, although Quranic stories are allegorical, they are true and true. Hence, in contrast to the interpretive theory about the devil, he concludes that the story is allegorical and the devil is objective. Conclusion: Finally, we can explain the reality of the rebellion of the devil and the understanding of its relationship with the command of God from the perception of the relationship between Molly and the disobedient slave. Therefore, "Adam" is an allegory and symbol of all human beings and "Satan" is an allegory of the temptations of demons.