Background: The Persian Gulf is one of the best places to find tropical venomous animals. The second cause of marine injuries in the Persian Gulf region is stonefish, it seems that the medical practitioners in this region are not familiar with the medical management of stonefish envenomationon.Materials and methods: A total of 16 patients with stonefish envenomation were serially examined in emergency rooms of academic hospitals of Boushehr port and Delvar clinic. In these patients local and systemic manifestations, first aid management and therapeutic interventions were evaluated.Results: The most common sites of injury were lower extremity (14 cases) and upper extremities (2 cases). The most common prescribing medication for relief of pain was injection of local lidocaine. The second and third most common prescribed drugs were parenteral antihistamines and corticosteroids, respectively. Hot water was not used in any of patients. Only in 2 cases antibiotic were given, whereas tetabolin was not prescribed in any of them.Conclusion: Although the most effective pain relieving intervention for stonefish envenomation, it was not used in injured patients in the current study. Likewise, tetabolin was not used. The medical practitioners should be encouraged to use immersion of the injured site in hot water, injection of local lidocaine without adrenalin, tetabolin injection and prophylactic broad spectrum antibiotics in stonefish envenomation.

Background: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) is a rare and life-threatening disorder characterized by severe thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, fever, renal dysfunction, and neurological deficient. TTP leads to the formation of blood clots in small blood vessels throughout the body. TTP is associated with many risk factors such as pregnancy, HIV, cancer, lupus, and infections. Recently there have been few published case reports of bee sting associated TTP. Methods: A 67-year-old man from a rural area of the Southwest Province of Iran, Ilam, was referred to the academic general hospital because of fever, chills, sweating, vomiting and dizziness following the honeybee sting on his body. Results: this study showed that, multiple co-morbidities including CVD and diabetes, along with coagulation abnormalities after honeybee stings, seriously exacerbated patient hemodynamic status. Conclusion: TTP, as a major complication due to the toxic reaction of a large number of bee stings with underlying diseases in patients, should be given more attention.

This epidemiological review was carried out to display the magnitude and the geographic distribution of scorpion envenomation in Iran with focus on the southwestern region of Iran, particularly. The Iranian recognized scorpions belonging to two families, including Buthidae and Scorpionidae. Buthidae family consists of 14 genuses, 26 species, and 18 sub-species, while Scorpionidae family has three genuses and four species. The lack of basic knowledge, including the geographical distribution, clinical manifestations, and specific treatments related to scorpiofauna justifies such multidisciplinary studies. The venom of two endemic Iranian scorpions, including Hemiscorpius lepturus (H. lepturus) and Odonthubuthus doriae (O.doriae) have considered as an effective source of new neurotoxin peptides for the further development of physio-pharmacological probes and designing the clinical trials. Such epidemiological information may improve the determinants of Iranian scorpion stings in order to plan and implement effective public health intervention.