Sustainable Development (SD) is defined as the combination of human socio-economic and environmental health goals to expand the current abilities and human well-being without compromising the ability of future generation to face their needs 1. . . .

The objective of this study was to qualitatively analyze the curriculum components aligned with Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) within the Iranian educational context. This study employed a qualitative research design with an interpretive approach to explore philosophical, pedagogical, structural, and institutional dimensions of ESD-based curriculum development. The participants consisted of 22 curriculum experts, teachers, and educational administrators from Tehran, selected through purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews lasting between 45 and 75 minutes and analyzed thematically using NVivo 14 software. Thematic coding involved open, axial, and selective stages, ensuring the identification of core categories and subthemes. Trustworthiness was established through member checking, peer debriefing, and audit trail procedures, and ethical approval was obtained from the Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch. The analysis revealed four major themes: (1) Curriculum philosophy and vision, emphasizing moral, ethical, and cultural contextualization of sustainability; (2) Pedagogical approaches and teaching strategies, highlighting experiential, participatory, and technology-enhanced learning; (3) Curriculum content and structure, focusing on interdisciplinary integration, policy alignment, and inclusion of environmental and socio-economic dimensions; and (4) Teacher capacity and institutional support, underlining the importance of professional development, institutional culture, and leadership commitment to ESD. Participants’ narratives illustrated that effective ESD implementation requires coherence among curriculum philosophy, pedagogy, and governance mechanisms. The study concludes that achieving Education for Sustainable Development in Iran necessitates a transformative approach to curriculum design, integrating ethical foundations, innovative pedagogies, and systemic institutional support. Embedding sustainability principles within all educational levels can foster critical thinking, moral responsibility, and collective action toward sustainable futures.

Background Patients' dosimetry is crucial in order to enhance radiation protection optimization and to deliver low radiation dose to the patients in a radiological procedure. The aim of this study was to assess the entrance surface dose (ESD) and radiation dose to the radiosensitive organs in pediatric pelvic radiography. Materials and Methods: The studied population included 98 pediatric patients of both genders referred to anteroposterior (AP) projection of pelvic radiography. The radiation dose was directly measured using high radiosensitive cylindrical lithium fluoride thermo-luminescent dosimeters (TLD-GR200). Two TLDs were placed at the center point of the radiation field to measure the ESD of pelvis. Moreover for each patient, 2 TLDs were placed upon each eyelid, 2 TLDs upon each breast, 2 TLDs upon the surface anatomical position of the thyroid gland and finally 2 TLDs at the surface anatomical position of the gonads to measure the received dose. Results The ESD ± standard deviation for AP pelvic radiography was obtained 591. 7± 76 μ Gy. Statistically significant difference was obtained between organs located outside and inside of the radiation field with respect to dose received (P<0. 001), as well as between the average dose received by the breast and lens of the eyes (P<0. 05). There was no difference between boys and girls with respect to average ESD, while the testes dose was statistically non-significantly lower than ovaries dose. Conclusion The ESD received by patients are relatively accordance to the international recommendations. However further reduction in patients' dose in achievable by adherence to the radiation protection optimization guidelines. The data presented in our study will serve as a baseline needed for deriving local reference doses for pediatric pelvic radiography in our hospital. The study is expected to increase the awareness of medical professionals about the radiation doses in pediatric pelvic radiography.

In this study, the adhesion strength of 316 L stainless steel coating deposited on the surface of 1.1248 steel by methods of flame spraying and electro - spark deposition (ESD) was investigated. For measuring adhesion and also bending strengths, the required samples according to Standard Numbers ASTM C633-01 ASTM B 489-85 were prepared, respectively. The characterization of deposited layers on the samples by the two methods was performed using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results also reveal that adhesion strength of the coating deposited by electro - spark is much higher than that of flame spraying coating. No crack was created on coated layers by ESD, during the bending tests.

Operational sensitivities of military air craft, deterrent measures in aircraft design to prevent the accumulation of static charge on the surface of the aircraft or Electrostatic Discharge, is very necessary and important. These include antistatic coatings, flame spraying, the use of carbon fiber composites and nanocomposites in aircraft fuselage design, and electrostatic dischargers. The aim of this study was to investigate, simulate and compare the effect of electrostatic discharge (ESD) in military aircraft with all-metal, all-composite body and the combined state of several structures. In this paper, by selecting the military Aircraft body of composite, metal and combined mode, the effects and surface of induced electric field, surface currents due to electrostatic flux and Radiation electromagnetic fields from the transient state of surface current will be compared and examined in different parts of the military air craft, including: radar system, cabin and electronic telecommunication systems, internal and external fuel tank.