Cadmium (II) is a toxic hazardous cation, whose presence in the environment causes great concern because of its bioaccumulation in organisms and bioamplification along food chain. Hence, the removal of cadmium compounds from industrial waters and wastewaters is particularly essential, which requires intensive experimental and modelling studies to deal with the problem. In this work, the ion exchange of Cd2+ ions from aqueous solution using microporous titanosilicates (ETS-4 and ETS-10) has been modelled using adapted Maxwell–Stefan equations for the ions transport inside the sorbent particles. The fundamentals of the Maxwell–Stefan equations along with correlations for the convective mass transfer coefficients have been used with advantage to reduce the number of model parameters. In the whole, the model was able to represent successfully the kinetic behaviour of 11 independent and very distinct curves of both studied systems (Cd2+/Na+/ETS-4 and Cd2+/Na+/ETS-10). The predictive capability of the model has been also shown, since several uptake curves were accurately predicted with parameters fitted previously to different sets of experimental data.

Background: Despite numerous developments in the field of assisted reproduction, the implantation rate remains low. Among the various reasons of implantation failure, endometrial regularity has an important role. Hysteroscopy is an accurate method for evaluating the endometrial characteristics, with the ability to treat uterine pathology. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the findings on hysteroscopy and thereafter the result of subsequent IVF/ICSI in infertile women with the history of frequent unexplained and unsuccessful IVF/ICSI attempts.Materials and Methods: In this observational study, the hysteroscopy findings and the outcomes of subsequent IVF/ICSI were evaluated in 89 infertile women admitted in Avicenna Infertility Clinic, with previous repeated (more than two) failed IVF/ICSIETs, including the patients with normal Hysterosalpinography (HSG) and excluding severe male factor infertility and also thrombophilia, genetic and immunologic problems. The data were analyzed with SPSS software and Fisher exact, chi-square, and MC-Nemar tests.Results: In 53 (59.5%) cases, hysteroscopy revealed abnormal intrauterine findings including adhesions 7 (13.7%), single polyp 11 (20.7%), endometrial polyposis 10 (18.8%), endometrial hyperplasia 10 (18.8%), uterine cavity hypoplasia 4 (7.8%) and myoma 5 (9.8%). These abnormalities were significantly higher in women with more than 8 years of infertility (chi-square=4.7, p-value=0.03). After hysteroscopy and subsequent IVF/ICSI-ET attempt using standard long protocol, pregnancy rate were significantly higher compared with the previous repeated IVF/ICSI attempts (35.8% versus 0%).Conclusion: According to this study, we strongly suggest evaluation of endometrial integrity by hysteroscopy in patients with repeated IVF/ICSI-ETs failure, before entering any other fertilization procedures.

Sitting in the classroom for rather a long time, listening to the teacher and other students, and having occasional responses are what typically happen in the English teaching classrooms around the world. ETS, a big hall with at least three sites as language learning zones, brings about a dynamic method which environmentally simulates communicative occasions to provide the learners with an exciting and intensive practice on the current conversations through role-playing. In this study, the efficiency of ETS was evaluated in an experimental research design. To do so, 34 students of English Language and Literature at Semnan University were taken as subjects in two conversation classes. Upon the completion of the course for 10 sessions, a T-test was applied to see if the method makes any significant improvement. The result showed that ETS was significantly better than the traditional method. To see the students’ opinions about the method, a questionnaire was also conducted with the results revealing students’ positive feedback toward the method.

Engelhard titanosilicate (ETS-10) supported cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by various solid state techniques including: XRD, DR UV-Vis, TEM and FESEM. The effect of different synthesis routes of CdS nanoparticles on its physicochemical character was studied. It was observed that CdS nanoparticles prepared by both in situ sulphur reduction (CdS-IS) and reverse micelle (CdS-RM) methods showed similar properties. However, CdS-IS nanoparticles are more feasible and economically practical. The reflectance measurements of the as-synthesized CdS nanoparticles are apparently blue-shifted compared to bulk CdS. This phenomenon of blue-shifted absorption edge has been ascribed to an increase in bandgap energy with a decrease in particle sizes. The bandgap of the as-synthesized CdS samples was calculated from the linear correlation of [F (R) hv]2 and hv. The bandgap of CdS in ETS-10 was noticeably slightly reduced when compared with the as-synthesized CdS (8 nm) due to the formation of cluster arrays on the pores of ETS-10.

Introduction: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is a threat for health worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in people over 15 years old in Bandar Abbas, Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 387 subjects were selected by cluster sampling method. Data were collected by a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and questions related to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure. Data were analyzed by SPSS Software.Results: 44.4% of subjects were male and 55.6% female. The results showed that 98.4% and 93.5% of subjects had been exposed to cigarette and hookah smoke, respectively. 12.7% and 14.7% of subjects revealed to be always and often exposed to cigarette smoke, respectively and just 1.6% did not expose to cigarette smoke. 52.2% of subjects exposed to cigarette smoke at public transportations and 31.3% at home. 93.4% of subjects exposed on hookah smoke at home. There was no significant difference between males and females regarding environmental tobacco smoke exposure.Conclusion: The majority of the subjects were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Preventive efforts and educational programs are necessary to inform people regarding the harmful effects of environmental tobacco smoke.

Phylogenetic relationships of Bromus pectinatus complex and its intersectional hybrid origin were studied using nrDNA ITS and ETS and, plastid matK datasets. A total of 37 taxa representing three outgroups (Hordeum marinum, Triticum turgidum, Littledalea alaica) and 34 taxa of Bromus species were included in phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic interspecies relationships were constructed by Bayesian and likelihood analysis. On the basis of the present study, sects. Genea and Bromus were not monophyletic. The plastid and nuclear ribosomal data indicated incongruency related to sects. Bromus and Genea due to the position of B. gedrosianus and B. pulchellus (B. pectinatus complex) as well B. oxyodon and B. sewerzowii, supporting intersectional hybrid origins for these species. Molecular trees didn’ t support the hybrid origin of B. pectinatus complex from B. japonicus because of their placement in separated clades. Plastid data were confirmed relationship between B. sterilis and B. tectorum with B. pectinatus complex.

Background. One of the effective genes in the pathogenesis of the celiac disease is the Ets1 gene, which encodes the transcription factor Ets1 and is highly conserved during evolution. The Ets1 gene inhibits the differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and the production of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) by these cells and decreased expression of the Ets1 gene can lead to autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in Ets1 gene expression in the blood samples of patients with celiac disease compared with the control group. Methods. Blood samples were collected from twenty patients with celiac disease under a gluten-free diet and also from twenty healthy people. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, a specific primer pair of the Ets1 gene was designed and its expression changes were examined by real-time PCR. Results. The expression of the Ets1 gene in patients with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet did not show a significant difference compared with healthy individuals (P-value= 0. 54). . Conclusion. Failure to observe a significant difference between the patient and the control group can be due to the effect of the duration of the gluten-free diet and also the inadvertent entry of gluten from hidden sources into the diet of patients under treatment. Practical Implications. According to the results observed in this study, it is possible that if the gluten-free diet is followed more strictly and over a longer period of time by patients with celiac disease, the expression of the Ets1 gene will proceed as we expected. This issue needs to be evaluated in future studies with a larger community.

The new WHO classification provides the foundation for tumor diagnosis, patient treatment and tools for clinic epidemiological research. This study was conducted to determine the frequency and update the histological aspects of different endocrine and neuroenodocrine tumors for clinical significance and to minimize unclassified lesions.Materials and Methods: Five hundred biopsies were analyzed in the Pathology Department of King Edward Medical University from 1st June 2004 to 31st December 2005. Tumors were diagnosed with light microscopy using the new WHO classification.Results: Following 500 biopsies, 145 (29%) Endocrine( ET) and Neuroendocrine Tumors (NET) were found; majority of the former, ET, n=112 (77.2%), were in the thyroid, of which 84 (75%) were follicular adenomas and 28 (25%) were carcinomas, of the 28 carcinomas, the frequencies were: papillary carcinoma (PC) 21 (75%); anaplastic (AC) 4 (14.28%); follicular(FC) 2 (7.14%); and medullary (MC) 1 (3.57%). Of the 145, 33 (22.8%) were neuroendocrine tumors (NET), with the following types and frequencies: adrenal 13 (39.5%); pituitary 10 (30.5%); pancreatic 4 (12%); parathyroid 3(9%); appendix 1 (3%); and rectum 1 (3%). One NET detected in the thyroid region was a well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (WDNEC). Among adrenal NETs, of 13 only 2 (14.4%) were malignant and diagnosed as a cortical and a neuroblastoma respectively, while all others were benign NETS, as follows: cortical adenoma 2 (15.38%); pheochromocytoma 7 (53.8%) and 1 (7.69%) ganglio neuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma each respectively. All pituitary, parathyroid and pancreatic NETS were benign in nature. NETS of the appendix and rectum were WDNETS, while that of the lung was a WDNEC. Findings of this study confirm that the WHO classification provides uniform, simple, reproducible and practical criteria for diagnosis of ETs and NETS.