Introduction: EXCHANGE transfusion (ET) is an effective mode of therapy in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia, but is associated with some complications in 5-10% of the patients, especially in preterm newborns. The most important complications following EXCHANGE transfusion are: Acidosis, thrombocytopenia, hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia and transmitting infectious agents. This study aims to determine some complications of EXCHANGE transfusion in neonatal hyperbilirueinemia in NICU of 22 Bahman 22nd Hospital in order to promote its safety and efficacy.Materials and Methods: In this study neonates with undergone EXCHANGE transfusion due to hyperbilirubinemia were evaluated over a period of 36 months in NICU of 22 Bahman 22nd Hospital from July 2005 to July 2008 in Mashhad. The questionnaires were completed according to the by patients’ data. The data were then and analyzed for statistical results.Results : Of the 28 neonates who entered the study, 3 required more than one ET. Complication of ET occurred in 24 neonates (85.7%).The most common complications were being metabolic acidosis (67.9%) and thrombocytopenia (50%).Conclusion: In order to avoid complications following EXCHANGE transfusion, it should be emphasized to have laboratory tests done. For instance, tests of platelet count and arterial blood gases are needed so that in cases of complications, the available information can facilitate the treatment. They can be treated on time.

In this study, the effect of EXCHANGE rate fluctuations on abnormal returns of companies listed on the Stock EXCHANGE were studied. In this study, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag model due to its ability to explain this connection was used for short-term and long-term. To evaluate the effect of EXCHANGE rate fluctuations, the banks' legal deposit at the central bank, GDP, inflation, current account and capital account on the stock market according to the designated filters, exporting companies that gained the research conditions, were determined. In this study, the company's export price index was calculated at the end of each quarter and abnormal returns were calculated for the group of companies. After calculating abnormal returns of firms, independent and control variables in the ARDL model imported and the effects of the explanatory variables investigation revealed abnormal returns. The results show that the EXCHANGE rate fluctuations variable has a positive and significant impact on exporting companies are abnormal returns.

Understanding the identity of phenomenon and their relation is one of the function of science. the insight of this knowledge can help scientists to predict the future and make the background of changes and decisions.In addition to understanding of phenomenon relationship some other studies try to compare the theories and find the best one on the point of their predictability. In this study we tried to review different paradigm and thoughts and theories of EXCHANGE rate and its behavior and also to compare their ability in forecasting the behavior of EXCHANGE rate, for this reason we postulate four theories of EXCHANGE rate which are: mondell-flemming theory, purchasing power parity thory, asset market theory and monetary with flexible price.Our time framework include "in the sample" and "out of sample" data and our case study in this research is examining the behavior of GBP/USD in foreign EXCHANGE market (FOREX), in the sample data include 01/01/1988 to 01/06/2008 monthly and out of sample data include 01/01/2006 to 01/06/2008.In this research we postulated the theories with in the sample data and after examining the validity of model with macro econometric techniques, then with extracting the four measures RMSE, MAPE, MAE and THEIL INEQUALITY COEFFICIENT we evaluated the ability of forecasting each model based on its theory. Finally the result of the study showed that in the mentioned time framework mondell-flemming model could forecast the behavior of GBP/USD better than other theories.

Having an investment portfolio with minimum risk and maximum return is the Pareto optimum that all investors in the financial markets are looking for. Achieving this goal is not possible due to its idealistic nature, and people can only approach this optimal situation. However, the basic principle in the composition of the investment portfolio is to have financial assets with minimal correlation in the portfolio. This is followed to reduce the yield spillover effect among the portfolio assets. This is the reason for this study to investigate the yield spillover between assets such as gold, dollar, euro and major stock market indices such as automotive, banking and chemical group index for the daily period from 2018 August 26 to 2023 March 15, using the ARCH approach. Results of EGARCH(1,2), EGARCH(1,1), GARCH(1,2), GARCH(2,2) and AR(2) models for banking group index, chemical group index, gold, euro and dollar respectively which are based on the selected information criteria, showed that the spillover effect of the studied assets is different from each other.

Field and Aims: In voluntary transactions such as sale and lease, the balance in the contractual rights of the parties to the EXCHANGE contract or any other contract where the balance of rights is one of the motivations of the parties to the contract,Whether it is a EXCHANGE contract or not, it is necessary that the rights of the parties to the contracts are equal, like two sides of a scale. The rule of balance or EXCHANGE justice is related to the field of private law and relates to relations between people and includes the need to establish balance in civil responsibility (extera contract) and balance in EXCHANGE contracts. Based on this, in this article, we are going to discuss what is the position of commutative justice in EXCHANGE contract in the laws of Iran and Egypt. Method: The present research was carried out with a descriptive analytical method. Finding and Conclusion: The results of the research showed that, in the legal system of the two countries of Iran and Egypt, the commutative justice in cases such as,The right to imprisonment, the rule of distraction of the sold befor delivery and legal options appear and were considered as justifications and reasons for this theory. Iran's civil law has implicitly covered this law. and in Egyptian law, commutative EXCHANGE are clearly stated in EXCHANGE contracts.

Fluctuations and instability in key economic variables, including economic growth, productivity, international trade, prices, and government expenditure, can lead to deviations of the real EXCHANGE rate from its equilibrium level. Furthermore, external factors such as multi-rate currency systems and financial sanctions can exacerbate these deviations. These EXCHANGE rate misalignments exert significant impacts on investment, economic growth and development, trade flows, balance of payments equilibrium, optimal resource allocation, and other crucial economic variables and indicators. Given the historical prevalence of EXCHANGE rate fluctuations within the Iranian economy and the profound impact of these deviations on the country's economic performance, this study investigates the determinants of the real EXCHANGE rate and the mechanisms through which deviations arise. Subsequently, it examines the potential impact of EXCHANGE rate policies, specifically EXCHANGE rate unification, on mitigating these deviations from the equilibrium level. To this end, utilizing time series data on key macroeconomic variables spanning the period from 1975 to 2020, an empirical model of real EXCHANGE rate deviation is estimated employing the Vector Autoregression (VAR) method. The empirical findings demonstrate a significant response of EXCHANGE rate deviations to the implementation of EXCHANGE rate policies, particularly through EXCHANGE rate unification or improvements in institutional quality within the specified timeframe. The overall results suggest that an optimal EXCHANGE rate policy, achieved through EXCHANGE rate unification, contributes to dampening real EXCHANGE rate deviations and fostering greater EXCHANGE rate stability.

Background: Purified mouse IgG2a (a product that could be used in medical research) subclass could be used for animal immunization to production of polyclonal Antibody and to obtain hybridomas in Monoclonal Antibody Production Procedures. The goal of this study was to purify the mouse IgG2a. Methods: In one step, Ion EXCHANGE chromatography was carried out for purification of mouse IgG and then in second step, ProA affinity chromatography was used for IgG2a purification. The chosen method for determination of purity was reduced and non-reduced SDS-PAGE. ELISA method was used for titer and isotype determination. Results: Mouse Igs with a protein concentration of 27mg/ml (volume: 3CC) was applied on Ion EXCHANGE column. Purification by Ion EXCHANGE chromatography yielded about 28mg of mouse IgG. Eight mg mouse IgG2a was obtained by ProA affinity chromatography. In reduced SDS-PAGE analysis of purified antibody, two bands were seen in 25& 50 KDa MW positions. Isotype determination of purified mouse IgG2a with mouse isotyping Kit showed the presence of mouse IgG2a isotype with a kappa light chain in related fraction. Conclusion: Purified mouse IgG2a subclass was obtained with purity more than 95%. Due to the obtained high purity we concluded that Ion EXCHANGE chromatography following by ProA affinity chromatography could be a suitable method for purification of mouse IgG subclasses with high quality. Our product is an economical and suitable product that takes a step towards self-sufficiency of the country.