The current research is an attempt to shed light on the qualities of those with imprudent ethic (behavior) and their main existential factor in the views of some Islamic thinkers. It also investigates whether the existence of ethical imprudence is consistent with motivational introvertism or Extrovertism. In other words, the present research investigates whether ethical imprudence is the result of motivational Extrovertism and thus violates motivational introvertism or the reverse is the case. It also answers if imprudent ethic is consistent with the existence of a motivational introvert individual. To answer these questions, the meaning of motivational introvertism and Extrovertism is clarified first and then, the best possible stance on the basis of Mohammad Hussain Tabatabaei, Abdullah Javadi Amoli and Mohmmad Taqi Mesbah is adopted. While for a motivational introvertist the mere ethical mandate suffices conducting an ethical action, for a motivational extrovertist liking (desire) is also necessary. In the second phase, it is necessary to clarify the challenge of ethical imprudence for motivational introvertism and explain its consistency with motivational Extrovertism.

Although the patterns of emergence and decline of the powers are recurred for centuries, surprisingly there are no clear evidences to answer the question of what are the causes for rise and fall of powers. The efforts made to date to order the patterns of rise and fall of world powers have created a close link between the periodic patterns of emergence (and decline) of world orders with the cycles of rise (and fall) of global hegemons, which both are severely influenced by the waves of global wars. Utilizing the literature on this field and introducing new concepts such as introversion (seeking for internal power resources) and extroversion (introversion + seeking for external power resources beyond the borders), this essay is to test this hypothesis that “ achieving the status of global hegemony by a super power requires the adoption of an introvertist approach until deployed hegemony enters into a decline period and subsequently transition into an extrovertist approach. On the other hand, taking on an introvertist approach by the deployed hegemon will abridge the hegemonic cycle and leads to the decline of the hegemon” . This research is exploratory in nature. To analyze the collected data, this study uses the causal or post-event method. Findings of the study confirm the above hypothesis and draw the conclusion that although there is no desertion of the recurrence of the hegemonic cycle and the global order, the length of a hegemonic cycle is subject to the pursuit of an extrovertist approach by the hegemon.

This study was designed to study the relationship between Internet addiction and academic achievement and personality characteristics of learners. The research method was a descriptive - correlational one. The statistical population included all high school students in Semnan province in 2011-2012 academic year. Based on Krejcie and Morgan table, 800 subjects were selected through stratified random sampling method. Data were gathered using young Internet addiction questionnaire and NEO personality survey. The data were analyzed through SPSS 16 software. The results showed that there was significant difference between boy and girl students in using internet. In addition, the average of using internet by boys is more than that of girls. The correlation between Internet addiction and Neuroticism and Agreement was significant and positive, however there was a significant reverse correlation between Internet addiction and Extrovertism and conscientious characteristics. There was no significant relationship between Internet addiction and openness. The results also showed that personality characteristics were effective and predictive factors in using Internet.

Objectives The associated factors with job satisfaction can predict the personal and professional progress of middle-aged and elderly people, as well as their future success. The present study aimed to predict job satisfaction based on personality traits and psychological empowerment among middle-aged and elderly working people. Methods & Materials Of all middle-aged and elderly employed people in Kermanshah City, Iran, a sample of 240 people were selected by the convenience sampling method. The study data were collected using NEO five-factor inventory, short form, psychological empowerment questionnaire and job satisfaction survey. For data analysis, the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis methods were used. Results The results revealed that personality characteristics of Extrovertism, accountability and flexibility were positively associated with job satisfaction with correlation coefficients of 0. 42, 0. 34, and 0. 07, respectively. In addition, there was a positive and significant relationship between psychological empowerment and job satisfaction with correlation coefficient of 0. 43. However, no significant relationship was found between mental health and pleasure with job satisfaction. Conclusion According to the findings of this study, personality traits and psychological empowerment can predict job satisfaction in middle-aged and elderly people.