The importance of female heads of households in providing the basic needs of household members on the one hand and the limitations they face in most socio-economic fields have made it necessary to pay attention to the issues of female heads of households in most societies including our country. The purpose of this study is to use the systematic review method to review and evaluate the policy proposals that have been proposed in Iran for women heads of households. A total of 296 articles and 5 reports were identified. In the review and eligibility phase, the total number of selected texts was considered to be 79 texts, of which 62 studies used the quantitative method and 17 studies used the qualitative method. Based on the studies that proposed policy proposals, the characteristics of female heads of the household, the axes of vulnerability, the evaluation of policies and proposals were determined. The findings showed that more policy proposals were made based on the characteristics of low literacy, being unemployed, and being middle-aged. Based on the axes of vulnerability, women heads of households are more vulnerable psychologically and socially than they are materially vulnerable in many cases. The evaluation of policies for women heads of households showed that the most interventions for the empowerment of women heads of households were focused on the economic field and were mainly pursued in the form of financial payments and did not pay enough attention to other aspects of women's empowerment, while the empowerment of women heads of households was successful when It is expected to simultaneously pay attention to their mental health and improve their social and economic status.

Objective(s): To validate Persian version of the FSFI and to determine its diagnostic cut off score. Methods: This was a descriptive analytic study. To fill in the Persian version of the FSFI. In addition clinical interviews were carried out by a psychiatrist on DSM-4 criteria. Women divided in two age and educational matched groups: the control group (n=28) who have not sexual dysfunction and the case group (n=53) who have sexual dysfunction. Data were analyzed by Cronbach’s alpha and validity was assessed by comparing mean scores of two groups. Optimal cut off score determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The findings showed satisfactory results for full scale and each subscale with Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.66 or above for sexually dysfunctional sample and 0.70 or above for sexually active sample. Discriminant validity confirmed the ability of both total and domain scores to differentiate between active and inactive women. On the basis of sensitivity and specificity analyses we found that the optimal cut off score was found to be 28 for differentiating women with and without sexual dysfunction. Conclusion: The findings showed that the Iranian version of Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring sexual function in women.

The aim of the present study is to examine the image of women in Persian mystical verse literature up to the 15th century CE. The research method is descriptive-analytical and is based on library sources. The findings indicate that throughout a woman's life, she embodies symbols of delicacy and beauty. In girlhood, she represents purity, emotion, and sentiment. Upon marriage, she becomes a symbol of affection, love, and compassion; and when she becomes a mother, she turns into an icon of sacrifice, selflessness, and devotion. Referring to mystical literature, beauty in women is sometimes depicted as external and at other times as internal. Woman is a symbol of light. From the perspective of the Sufis and mystics, the woman is at times introduced as a symbol of human attributes and even characterized by divine-like qualities, while at other times she is assigned a demonic position or status. Sometimes she embodies virtuous traits, and sometimes she is marked by reprehensible and undesirable attributes. Women in mystical narrative poems occupy the highest ranks. After these mystical works, women in Bustan by Saadi are portrayed in a way that only acknowledges the guardianship and unquestioned dominance of men.

The effect of number of mating on longevity and fecundity of the predatory mite Euseius scutalis Athias-henriot was studied under laboratory conditions (at 25±1 ºC, 60 ± 5 % RH and 16: 8 L:D). Newly emerged adult females (less than 24 h) were held individually in a 9 cm arena. A male (less than 24 h) remained with a female for limited periods of time or continuously. Four treatments were designed: virgin females, single mated females, multiple mated females (female had access to a male every five days), multiple mated females (female had continuous access to a male). Mating was necessary for oviposition. Virgin females lived the longest (25 days). However, no significant differences were found among longevity of mated females (12- 15). Similarly, no significant differences were detected among fecundity of females with different numbers of mating (18- 22 eggs). Sex ratio was significantly female-biased in progeny of single mated females and multiple mated females with periodic access to male. However, no significant difference was found in sex ratio of progeny of multiple mated females with continuous access to male.

The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between moral intelligence and academic self-efficacy with the mediation of academic engagement of students in Mahabad city. The method of descriptive-survey research was of the correlation type and the statistical population was all 2831 secondary school female students of Mahabad city, of which 338 were selected by cluster sampling using Morgan's table. Data collection tools were standardized questionnaires of moral intelligence of Lenik and Hill (2005), academic self-efficacy of Jinks and Morgan (1999) and academic engagement of Fridix et al. (2006). The results of hypothesis testing were analyzed by spss and pls software and using correlation tests and structural equation modeling. The results showed that moral intelligence has a positive and significant relationship on academic self-efficacy with the mediation of academic conflict (0.31). Also, the results indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between moral intelligence and academic self-efficacy components (0.52). The relationship between moral intelligence and academic engagement components was positive and significant (0.76) and finally, academic engagement has a positive and significant relationship with academic self-efficacy (0.41). Therefore, by increasing moral intelligence and consequently increasing academic engagement, it is possible to provide the basis for increasing academic self-efficacy in secondary school female students of Mahabad city.

Background & Aims: Marriage is not only effective in a person's physical and mental health, but also plays an important role in a person's entry into adulthood. The aim of the present study was to predict attitudes towards marriage based on sexual experience and identity styles of female students at the University of Medical Sciences. Materials & Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional-correlational study, and the statistical population of this study is single female medical students living in the dormitory of Urmia University of Medical Sciences, whose number was approximately 150. Based on the Morgan table, a sample of 110 people was randomly selected. The research tools included the Bratton and Rosen (1998) Attitudes to Marriage Questionnaire and the Marcia Identity Style Questionnaire (1966) as quoted by Berzonsky (2003), and data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26 software. Results: The results obtained using regression showed that there is a positive relationship between attitudes towards marriage and normative and commitment identity styles (p<0.05). There is a negative relationship between attitudes towards marriage and confused-avoidant identity style (p<0.05). There is no relationship between attitudes towards marriage and informational identity styles (p>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be said that attitudes towards marriage can be predicted based on students' identity styles. It is recommended that workshops and seminars on attitudes toward marriage be conducted at the university level to aid students in developing a rational perspective on marriage.

The present study examines the effects of the woman portrayed in Sehreman which was got of the novel called, I will Turn Off the Lights by Zooya pirzad, He Learnt From Satan and Burnt by Farkhondeh Aghaei and My Bird by Fariba Vafimi. The impact of Sehreman on contemporary female literature was the cause is to choose it. All of these three novels represent the Iranian female gender identity. The reflection of female gender is a reflection of the spectrum of threats that the women tolerate as the second sex and the female literature ties to to show the female expectations of society. Important implications of this study are: linguistics, personality-based bias, gender representation, self-esteem, and gender representation from the authors' point of view. The results show that the reflection of female personality in selected works is a reflection of gender limitations in society. Sehreman shows the selected female cultural conflicts in society and it also proves that women writers are reluctant to express their sexual interests in their novels.