There have been a number of developments in screw design and implantation techniques over recent years, including proposal of an alternative trajectory entitled as cortical bone trajectory (CBT). Cortical bone trajectory has been investigated in recent medical treatments as an alternative for screw fixation aimed at increasing purchase of pedicle screws in higher density bone.CBT screw insertion follows a lateral path in the transverse plane and caudocephalad path in the sagittal plane. This technique has been advocated because it is reportedly less invasive, improves screw−bone purchase and reduces neurovascular injury. Furthermore CBT pedicle screw fixation provides stabilization to multilevel lumbar segment with low-grade spondylolisthesis comparable to the standard trajectory pedicle screw construct. However, these claims have not been supported by robust clinical evidence. Recent investigations focus on evaluations of CBT as a pioneer method.

Aims: Given the importance of the identification of scientific and commercial communities of Artemiaspecies, especially hybrid populations, some phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of hybrids between A. sinica and A. urmiana were studied in vitro.Materials and Methods: breeding two species of brine shrimp from hatching to maturity in standard laboratory conditions was provided. Then 64 males and females of each species were separated and mutual hybrid production was done in 50 ml tubes. Daily, the larvae were separated and reared partly and independently. Studies of fatty acids profile and survey by restriction enzyme pattern of 12S-16S mtDNA genome withHpaII enzyme in comparing of the parents and offspring’s of first-generation were done.Results: Comparing hybrids fatty acids profiles to pure parents showed that some fatty acids amounts are highly dependent on parental origin. In some samples the same restriction enzyme pattern was observed in male parents and the first generation hybrids that was unexpected.Conclusion: The results revealed that fatty acids profile is strongly influenced by maternal or paternal origin genes of inheritance. Therefore, by directional selection of parents it is possible to produce special Artemia offspring’s with unique phenotypic characteristics. Comparing of enzymatic digestion patterns with the first generated hybrid revealed that the mitochondrial genome (or mitochondria) also is inherited from the sire.