Organizational structure, along with goals, human resources and technology, is among the major elements of an organization. Hence, its study and analysis lead to more fundamental transformations and finally increase of organizational capabilities. In current research, organizational structure of Geological Survey of Iran (GSI) is studied and analyzed, aiming to identify the GSI status quo and provide it with an ideal structural model. To achieve desirable goals, an extensive literature review has been carried out. Then, a qualitative research methodology has been adopted and relevant data have been collected. All data have been triangulated using three different procedures: library research, conducting interviews with GSI skilled experts and studying on the organizational structures of 45 geological surveys. The comparative study on the structures of geological surveys has shown that the average number of levels in organizational hierarchy is 3.08 and the average number of major departments at the top organizational level is 6.4. These numbers for GSI are respectively 3 and 11. Furthermore, about 78% of geological surveys in the world use functional departmentation.With the help of the findings of this study, an adhocratic organizational structure has been suggested for GSI. Furthermore, some changes have been proposed to the current structure of GSI, such as separation of institutional and technical sections and use of matrix departmentation for project-based departments. To practically enjoy new structure, some changes to the nature of financial processes and establishment of a project management center for coordination of activities in project-based and functional departments have been suggested too.

Quantifying rock mass conditions is essential in rock mechanics, providing critical insights into quality, strength, and durability. Rock mass classification systems, developed primarily through empirical and experimental studies, serve as vital tools for assessing geotechnical properties. These systems are especially crucial in slope stability analysis, aiding in evaluating structural integrity and guiding the design of reliable stabilization strategies. Among these systems, the Geological Strength Index (GSI) is widely regarded as a robust method for classifying rock masses. Developed by Prof. Hoek and his colleagues, GSI evaluates the geological and geomechanical characteristics of rock masses based on structural and material properties. Its global adoption across engineering and geotechnical projects highlights its reliability and versatility. This study applies GSI to evaluate slope rock mass behavior and its engineering implications. Field investigations were conducted at 12 sites west of Shiraz city as part of a highway development project to analyze the stability of roadside slopes. A comprehensive survey included 24 of Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS), point load, Schmidt hammer tests, all aimed at determining the mechanical properties of the rock masses. The collected data were processed using the GSI system, enabling the classification of slope rock masses and the identification of key engineering geological characteristics. The findings offer valuable insights into the stability and geomechanical behavior of the slopes, forming a foundation for reliable design and effective stabilization strategies. This approach underscores the importance of GSI in slope stability assessments.

Introduction The rock block volumes are formed due to the intersection of discontinuities in the jointed rock mass. The block dimensions affected by joint spacing, joint orientation, joint sets, are taken to be the most important parameters determining the rock mass behavior, strength parameters, and deformations. In the numerical modeling using distinct element method, the creation of the discontinuities can affect the final results very much. Using 3DEC software, it is possible to create joint sets in four conditions: regular and persistent, regular and non-persistent, non-regular and persistent, irregular and non-persistent. As an important point to consider, the major effect of block dimensions on rock mass behavior, strength parameters and deformation modulus can help to decide which one is most suitable to indicate the real conditions of rock mass. As explained in the previous studies, the use of persistent joints leads to the block dimensions being considered as small ones. In this way, due to the high strength of intact rock compared to the joints, the possibility of instability increases. Material and methods In this research, from quantitative point of view, Geological Strength Index (GSI) is calculated, based on block dimensions as an influential parameter, to consider the most appropriate case for creating joints in the numerical method. In this regard, according to valuable studies in Bakhtiari dam structure, the characteristics of discontinuities system and GSI of rock mass are utilized to come up with real conditions. Then, the modeling is done with different conditions of joints, block volume distribution, GSI for each case, and the results are compared with quantitative ones. And then the most suitable case for creation of joints in numerical modeling is suggested by using 3 DEC software, regarding the blocks volumes, type of distribution function, and GSI value. Also, the accuracy of this finding is investigated for other structures, independently of input parameters, by making changes in spacing, and joints persistence as two effective parameters in rock blocks dimensions. Owing to the difficulty in the accurate definition of joints persistence, which is related to dimensions of the location, the numerical models for joint persistence are done in an acceptable level in order to create blocks with high conformity in terms of the dimensions. Then, the comparison is made between block dimensions from perspectives of numerical models and GSI values, to choose the best ones showing high conformity with real conditions. Results and discussion The comparison of the modeling results using creation of joints in different cases with quantitative results obtained according to geological strength shows that the created block volumes are not properly distributed due to the creation of joints as irregular ones in the two cases of persistent and non-persistent. In this case, the blocks volume changes from a few centimeter to cubic meter, and as the block dimensions increase, the created blocks become bigger. Thus, according to the created blocks volume and the obtained GSI range, the creation of joints is not a suitable method as an irregular one. The creation of regular and persistent joints is not an appropriate method either, as the most created blocks are small, and blocks volume distributions do not comply with quantitative distribution. But with creation of joints as regular and persistent ones, the distribution function of blocks volume in numerical method and quantitative method is log normal. Therefore, according to the created blocks dimensions and GSI range using 3DEC software, the most suitable case is the creation of joints as regular and non-persistent ones. Conclusion According to the obtained results in the four cases, when the joints are considered only as regular and non-persistent ones, the blocks volume range is more compatible with real conditions and follows log normal distribution. Thus it can be concluded that the suggested method for creation of joints in the numerical modeling using 3DEC software is more suitable than others considering the rock blocks dimensions and their distributions. This method can be utilized in any structure to accurately define the persistence of joints regarding created blocks dimension.

Determining the geomechanical parameters of rock mass is of particular importance in the design of industrial projects such as dams and tunnels. One of the most useful methods for determining these parameters is Hoek-Brown failure criterion. Because, rock mass quality is considered in this criterion on the basis of Geological Strength Index (GSI). Various methods were developed for determining GSI, and the results of each method differ from the results of the others. So far, the effect of these differences on the geomechanical parameters was not studied. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of GSI on the geomechanical parameters. Hence, different methods are reviewed and investigated at first. Latter, with the collected data (field study), this index is predicted and the effects of index variations on Hook-Brown constant parameters, strength parameters and deformation modulus with the proposed relationships are investigated. Results show that the difference in methods has a significant effect on geomechanical parameters. So that, a difference of 9 units in the geological strength index leads to more than 7GPa difference in the modulus of deformation.

As an important subjects in the urban studies, an issue that has been less addressed in Iran so far, is the relationship between the physical quality of citizens' living environment and mental disorders. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical quality indices of urban neighborhoods and mental disorders in Isfahan metropolis. This study was performed on 434 citizens of Isfahan. The assessment of mental disorders was performed with SCL-90 questionnaire. The quality of people's living environment was assessed in five dimensions (natural conditions, quality of public open spaces, street conditions, environmental pollution and local services) with a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and Ordinal Logistic Regression. Results showed, the mean score of the Global Severity Index was 1.29. In the correlation analysis, a significant relationship was seen between mental disorders and physical characteristics (P <0.001). The results of OLR showed that 15 indicators (local parks, quality of sidewalks, walking capacity, diversity of vegetation, street safety, sitting and pause spaces, street lighting at night, cleanliness of the environment, no noise pollution, smooth traffic on the surface Neighborhoods, water spaces, diversity of plants, trees and flowers, access to recreational facilities, access to public transportation and access to local shopping malls) have the greatest impact on mental disorders. The correlation between mental disorders and the physical quality of urban neighborhoods means the integration of health considerations and urban planning principles to reduce the negative effects of residential environments on mental disorders.

The most common method for surveying discontinuities is the scanline method, which has the shortcomings of insufficient safety, number of measurements, and accuracy of measurement. Furthermore, determination of the block volumes generated by discontinuities and measurement of the geological strength index (GSI) are other issues in characterization of the rock mass mechanical properties. The Golgohar iron mine has encountered the above noted issues and the need for a sophisticated and accurate method for measuring discontinuities is inevitable due to the highly fractured walls in mine No. 1 with high risk of failure. . This paper aims to develop a new approach for measurement of the mean block volume, rock quality designation (RQD), and the geological strength index GSI of the rock masses. Thus, the geometric properties of discontinuities in the 14th bench of the Northwest wall in mine No. 1 were measured using the photogrammetric method. To determine the geometric properties of the discontinuities on the slope face, control points were marked on the rock face and photos were taken from the rock surface. Then, using 3DM CalibCam, 3D point clouds and 3D photos were generated. The measurements were used to create a discrete fracture network (DFN) model. To generate the DFN model, FracMan software was used, which ultimately led to the determination of the mean block size, GSI, the mean spacing of each joint set, and the RQD of the rock mass. Results showed that the mean block volume is 0. 13 m3, and the GSI was measured to be 65. In order to investigate the ability of the proposed method in measuring RQD and GSI, results of twenty eight core logs from geotechnical boreholes were used. This investigation showed that the results of proposed model are in good agreement with the measured ones.

Talal fish with generic name (Rastrelliger Kanagurta) is one of the bony fishes and also the valuable species in the entire world. Since no studying hadn’t been carried out on this fish in iran, in framework of above study, in Iran southern Coasts, done biometric studies and compare the two sexes. In the annual cycle (Tir 87-Khordad 88) in each month, 50 fishes randomly collected from Persian gulf and Oman sea, after separation female and male, compare GSI, HIS and also ferequency of different longitudinal classes in two genus with together. GSI peak in talal fish (Tir 87-khordad 88) in both genus is in the Ordibehesht, that indicates spawning season in spring. HIS peak coincide. But HIS peak in male is in the dey. It is a significant relation between total length mean of fish in the female and male group. Meantimp the first 6 month of project, males were more from females and counter were in the second 6 month.

Hoek and Brown suggested a method to estimate the strength and deformation modulus parameters of rock masses. The method was then widely used in rock engineering designs. In such designs, the mean values of Hoek and Brown parameters are often used which are not proper values due to the variability of rock mass properties within a great range of values. In such cases, probability analysis of rock mass properties is highly important. The geological strength index is one of the most important parameters in Hoek and Brown equations. Determination of this parameter includes greater uncertainties than determining other parameters. In this paper, based on the results of rock mechanical tests carried out on rock samples of Gol-Gohar iron ore mine, and the required field surveys, the sensitivity of rock mass geomechanical properties on the type of the statistical distribution function of the geological strength index in statistical analysis of these parameters using Monte Carlo simulation method was investigated. The results showed that the sensitivity of Hoek and Brown equations to determine different rock mass geomechanical parameters varies as the type of the statistical distribution function of the geological strength index changes. The sensitivity of geomechanical parameters such as internal friction angle, cohesion, total strength and rock mass modulus on the type of the statistical distribution function of the geological strength index is much less than parameters such as uniaxial compressive strength and tension strength of rock mass. The greatest variations based on changes of the type of the statistical distribution function of the geological strength index are less than 5% for the internal friction angle, cohesion and total strength, less than 10% for the modulus, and less than 25% for the uniaxial compressive strength and tension strength.