Jig and fixture design for workpieces with freeform Geometry has more complexity in comparison with the polyhedral parts. The locating and clamping system design construct the basis of the jig and fixture design activities. In this study, a theoretical analysis is suggested for automatic design of clamping points for freeform workpieces. The clamping design is performed in three main stages, in which the clamping application points are determined through the first two principles and are verified through the last stage. The mentioned principles consist of: (1) the minimum quantity of clamps, (2) the maximum clamping force components on the locating directions and (3) the workpiece static stability under the external wrenches. After mathematical modeling, the suggested analysis was implemented into the already designed CAFD framework by the authors. Three machining models were chosen as case studies to evaluate the capabilities of the implemented system in robust design of clamping layout. The minimum quantity of clamps (single clamp for two case studies and double clamp for the third one) was designed by the developed method that verified the robustness and reliability of the suggested and implemented clamping system design model. The automatic design of clamping scheme for workpieces (regardless of the Geometry) besides its capability in integration with the other modules of fixture design activities provides the opportunity for the system to be used in industrial applications.

The design and manufacturing cubic porous scaffolds are a considerable notion in tissue engineering (TE). From Additive manufacturing (AM) perspective, it has attained high appeal in the string of TE during the past decade. In the view of TE, the feasibili ty of manufacturing intricate porous scaffolds with high accuracy contrast to prominent producing methods has caused AM the outstanding option for manufacturing scaffold. From design perspective, porous scaffold structures play a crucial task in TE as scaf fold design with an adequate geometries provide a route to required strength and porosity. The target of this paper is achieve of best Geometry to become an optimum mechanical strength and porosity of TE scaffolds. Hence, the cubic Geometry has been chosen for scaffold and Cube, Cylinder and Hexagonal prism geometries have been selected for pore of structures. In addition, for noticing the porosity effects, pore size has been chosen in three size, and a whole of nine scaffolds have been designed. designed s caffolds were generated using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D Printer and dimensional specifications of scaffolds were evaluated by comparing the designed scaffolds with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The samples were subjected to mechanical compre ssion test and the results were verified with th e Finite Element Analysis ( FEA). The results showed that f irstly, a s the porosity increases, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity obviously decreased in all Geometry pore scaffolds. Secondly, a s the Geometry changes in similar porosity, cubic pore scaffold achieved higher compressive strength and modulus of elasticity than cylinder and hexagonal prime Experimental and FEM validated results proposed a privileged feasible pore Geometry of cubic sc affold to be used in design and manufacturing of TE scaffolds.

Making use of plans to build structures dates back to a very long time ago. In doing so, two major elements were Geometry and arithmetic. Since before embarking on building structures, drawing plans was unavoidable, mathematical science has been an integrated part in the process of designing and drawing. Nonetheless, the shortage of historiographical documents on this issue gives us no or little information on how the plans were drawn in the past. The main question here is this: What specific phases were involved in the process of drawing plans in the past? And what role have historiographical documents ant mathematical science played in this regard? The present research aimed, to reexamine comprehensively the process of drawing designs in the past and to investigate the role of mathematics in this process based on historiographical documents. Historical resources and documents not only took into account drawing designs but also addressed the role of mathematical calculations and scrutinized drawing process. In addition, the process of drawing designs included four phases: Surveying and drawing the dimensions of the area intended; defining the limits of spaces; drawing spaces based on scales and proportions and finally, drawing the structure based on proportions approved by the client. In fact, one of the primary stages of building a structure is designing its architectural and structural maps, respectively. Upon gaining familiarity with such features as dimensions, topography, light and wind direction, and adjacencies and accesses, architects start designing architectural and executive maps. Preparing maps was considered an inevitable step in the construction process in the past, and one of the first maps, designed on clay board, is related to a residential house in the Mesopotamian civilization and the Akkadian empire. Despite the vast array of information on architecture, especially Islamic architecture, the unknown nature of some of these documents has kept them out of sight or resulted in one-sided judgments of some regarding the relationship between mathematics and architecture, architectural mapping and the status of mathematicians in the design process of maps. What is more, the principles used by craftsman master builders and their performance in the design process of mapping and the implementation process have remained uncertain to some extent; historians’ recorded data suggest only a kind of tradition in architecture without illustrating the method of design and the type of implementation. The design method of past architectural structures, their implementation and construction have been neglected so far. Moreover, there exists no written document that clearly and extensively describes this process. There only exist a few scrolls that have been written on the ornaments used in buildings and their design. Included in these scrolls are some maps whose design process is unknown as no explanation accompanies them. Besides, not much effort has been made to search about Iran’ s history of architecture among Persian sources, and the status of historical texts in Iran’ s architecture has not been revealed. In fact, the procedure of constructing a building in the past, from theory to practice, was drawn from the experiences of architects and construction details passed down from generation to generation. Reviewing historical texts, the present study seeks to analyze the procedure of mapping where mathematics is used. The study also investigates the relationship between mathematics (and its sub-categories such as Geometry) and architecture and represents the stages taken in mapping by consulting the experts. The research method is historical-analytical.

The use of 3D printing concrete in construction applications is one of the most innovative and challenging fields, combining traditional construction knowledge with digital technologies. The focus on this area has increased due to removing the molds, reducing the cost, needed human resources, and other important advantages. There are many challenges such as rheological requirements, bonding between layers, materials used, their reinforcement, and anisotropic behaviors in this industry which has a special potential in fast and mass construction, and complex architectures. Throughout history up to current times, the performance of the built structures has always been the result of the interaction between steel and concrete. According to the practical applications of this technology, manufacturing compatible materials, using reinforcing systems such as fibers and steel rebars, and maintaining proper interaction between them, are fascinating subjects that attract the attention of researchers in this field. The examples of the research processes along with their analysis are reviewed in this article. since this article was written to introduce this technology and its challenges, it provides a source of inspiration, for getting to know the audience as much as possible, with conflict goals of producing suitable concrete to improve the ability of printing and its quality.

In the present work, the effects of modifying the tongue Geometry of a centrifugal pump on pressure pulsations under the design and off-design conditions are carried out numerically by the unsteady analysis of fluid flow. Numerical modeling based on the Re-Normalization Group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model using a Mosaic mesh structure, a technology which can easily, quickly and formally connects any type of mesh for complex geometries and flow regimes, is applied to simulate the flow within the modeled pump, which is validated with the available experimental results. The flow is simulated through a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software that solved Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for a three-dimensional unsteady flow. In addition to choosing Qd (the design flow rate), 0. 4 Qd and 1. 2Qd are also taken into account as the inlet flow rates. Besides, pressures of 101KPa and 13KPa are considered as additional inlet conditions for this investigation. This unsteady simulation employing different inlet conditions is used to investigate the impacts of various volute tongue angles on the pressure coefficient (cp ). Results indicate that, overall, by changing the angle from 40° to 85°, the value of the pressure coefficient at the pump outlet grows by about 10% where it also causes a rise in the amplitude of pressure fluctuations. By the same token, a decrement to the inlet flow rate up to 40% of the nominal value brings about the amplitude of pressure fluctuations at the pump outlet to be increased significantly.

Digital fabrication and computational Geometry are two emerging approaches in architecture that have increasingly interacted with each other. Computational Geometry plays  a crucial role in the evolution of the design process by providing powerful tools for generating complex forms and optimizing structures. On the other hand, digital fabrication, through the use of advanced technologies, enables the physical realization of these forms with high accuracy and speed. The complexity of the interaction between these two areas and their immense potential reveals the necessity of conducting comprehensive research in this field. This research has been carried out to examine the relationship between digital construction and computational Geometry in architectural design and evaluate the challenges, possibilities and opportunities resulting from this synergy. By reviewing the existing literature and adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, this study investigates various case examples with distinct geometric features and digital fabrication methods, exploring the synergy between these two approaches in architectural design. The research findings show that the optimal synergy of computational Geometry and digital fabrication leads to a design-by-fabrication process that can create architectures with diverse geometric complexity, manufacturability, customization, and cost reduction.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is one of the most successful techniques of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) and is mostly in use for the treatment of infertility with male factors. In this method, before injecting sperm into the intracytoplasmic of the oocyte, cumulus cells around the oocyte must be stripped to facilitate the injection process. To achieve this, both enzymatic and mechanical methods are used in embryological laboratories for denudation, which has major deficiencies, including the possibility of damaging the oocyte prior to the injection process. In this research, a microfluidic-based device is introduced for the separation of cumulus cells around the oocyte with minimum manual operations. The results prove high efficiency, and non-destructive denudation of the oocyte with the reduced amount of culture medium leads to the low-cost preparation process of oocytes. The process can also be integrated with ICSI chips under development and will be reported shortly.