Background: The object of this study was to examine return to Golf and changes in Golf performance after shoulder arthroplasty. Additionally, we set out to determine if there were differences in return to play and performance between total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). We also examined pain during the Golf swing to determine if there is a change in pain level after surgery. Methods: Patients were identified using a Current Procedural Terminology code 23472 search for TSA. A 19-question online survey was sent out to each patient with questions detailing Golfing performance and pain during the swing before and after surgery. Comparisons were made to determine differences in pain, performance and enjoyment between TSA and RTSA groups before and after surgery. Results: A total of 586 patients who underwent shoulder arthroplasty were sent the online survey via email. Of those patients, 33 identified themselves as Golfers and who responded to the survey, resulting in an overall response rate of 5. 6%. Twenty-three of 31 (74%) patients were able to return to Golf following their procedure. Overall, the respondents who reported pain associated with Golfing activity had significantly decreased pain after undergoing either TSA or RTSA. The RTSA group had a significant drop in driving distance following the procedure and this was significantly lower than the postoperative driving distance in the TSA group, despite an insignificant preoperative difference. Conclusion: Overall, TSA offers a safe and effective means for reducing pain during the Golf swing in patients suffering from advanced shoulder osteoarthritis. While there were no significant changes in performance following TSA, individuals undergoing RTSA can be counseled that they are at risk for lower driving distances due to altered mechanics. Overall, patients were satisfied with their procedure and their ability to return to the Golf course.

Today tourism has become so important that it is regarded as the biggest industry and annually millions of tourists travel throughout the world with different motivations. Basically, it is necessary to have a clear picture of perceptions, expectations and requirements of visitors in order to stabilize the markets and provide the most effective goods and services. Therefore, those who are engaged in tourism management and planning have to be informed of these factors in order to be able to make connection between tThe destination management would either promote attributes that best match meet tourists’ motivations, or concentrate on a different market where tourists motivations and destination resources match each otherourism products and tourists. In this research, the basis of the establishment of tourism genuineness in the development of geographically effective areas, the northern Persian Gulf region and its valuable Iranian islands, the issue of the long-term role and long-term effectiveness of regional development with the priority of the tourism industry in various dimensions has been studied.

A study was conducted to determine species diversity and distribution of bats in Qeshm island, Persian Golf, from autumn 1999 to spring 2002. The roosting areas were identified and bats were captured by different means such as mist net and fishing nets set up by the locale people to protect the palm fruits against the fruit bats. Identification of the bat species were done by morphometric and cranial measurements. Five species of bats were identified ; one frugivore (Rousettus aegyptiacus ) and four insectivores; Rousettus       aegyptiacusRhinopoma     muscatellumTaphozus       perforatusAsellia           tridensPipistrellus      pipistrellus Although the existence of fruit bat had been reported so many years ago, the fruit bat ( Rousettus aegyptiacus ) was captured in this study for the first time vy the authors . No insectivore bat was reported before from Qeshm island .This was the first report of the 4 insectivorous bats in Qeshm . Based on statistical analysis, Pipistrellus pipistrellus should to have intrapopulation variation.