Objective: Haemophilus somnus can be involved of bovine genital system with reproductive problem and it could be isolated from reproductive organs of pregnant and non-pregnant healthy cows.Design: Prospective study.Animals: 226 Holstein dairy cows.Procedure: Cows were examined into the 3 groups: 1) Treatment group which was included 103 cows with reproductive diseases. 2) 66 pregnant cows. 3) 57 non-pregnant I healthy cows. Bacteriological samples were obtained from uterine, cervix and vagina in treatment and non-pregnant II healthy cows. However, samples from pregnant cows were obtained from cervix and vagina.Statistical analysis: Chi-square test.Results: Haemophilus somnus was isolated from 6(5.82%), 1(1.52%) and 10(17.52%) from treatment, pregnant and nonpregnant group, respectively. In this study, the highest infectious rate (3.88%) was in treatment group included the uterine tissue. Vaginal infection in non-pregnant group was; significantly different from the pregnant and treatment groups (P< 0.025). There were differences between warm and cold seasons of the year in respected to prevalence of the bacteria in the genital system (P< 0.05).Conclusion: Haemophilus somnus was isolated from 17 (7.53%) out of126 dairy cows. Cows with reproductive diseases were infected by haemophilus somnus and these bacteria may be the origin of the problems. Haemophilus somnus was isolated from healthy pregnant and non-pregnant cows.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by chronic airway blockage. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Haemophilus influenzae in patients with COPD using molecular method. Methods: A total of 100 samples of respiratory secretion were collected from patients with COPD. The molecular identification of Haemophilus influenza was performed using specific primers against standard kits by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Findings: Haemophilus influenzae bacteria were positive in 10 out of 100 patients, and 8 of 100 were positive in PCR using specific primers. Conclusion: Nucleic acid-like PCR tests, due to their sensitivity, high accuracy, and time saving, are the appropriate method for diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae in patients with chronic pulmonary obstruction.

Background: Haemophilus influenza may cause severe infections in children and adults. The isolation and identification of Haemophilus spp. are not appropriately achieved in Iran, while numerous infections are ascribed to the different members of this genus. Lack of growth factors disks is our main shortage in this regard.Materials and methods: We obtained haemin (X-factor) from human blood, and nicotinamidadenine di nucleotide (V factor) from yeast cells. The products were absorbed to the filter paper disks and a comparative analytical study was performed using prepared disks in comparison to commercial disks from Oxoid Company. Results: Results revealed that the prepared disks were as useful, sensitive and potent as the Oxoid disks in isolation and identification of H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae.Conclusion: We have prepared growth factor disks according to the original formulations. They could be commercially produced and uses in microbiological laboratories.

During a period of artificial insemination in cattle in several farms around Tehran, Iran, the animals were involved with endometritis and abortion. In order to investigate the cause, bacterial culture was done on 23 samples of artificial prepared semen. Haemophilus sp. was isolated from 20 out of 23 samples and the findings were confirmed through serologic tests. Biochemical tests were also set up to diagnose the strain of the bacteria. These tests revealed the presence of H. somnus in the artificially prepared semem. This species was never before reported in Iran, in genital tract of cattle (male and female) nor H. agni in sheep. Attempts to culture this bacteria from genital tract has not been very successful because of cultural difficulties. This was the first diagnosis of H. somnus in this country and helped the practitioners to be aware of the possible problems in running the artificial insemination procedure from infected semen.

Background and objectives: Haemophilus influenza can lead to several infections in humans. For example it can lead to meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, cellulitis, bacteremia, septic arthritis and conjunctivitis. H. influenza can be classified into seven biotypes independent of their serotypes. Biotypes are determined by three tests including indol production, urease and ornithine decarboxylase. As specific biotypes are associated with different types of infections, sources and antimicrobial resistance patterns, this study was designed to evaluate biotyping in H.influenza and its relationship with the type of infection.Methods: In an 18 month period from April 2005 to September 2006, all clinical specimens that were candidate for Haemophilus isolation, were cultured on standard chocolate agar and blood agar with staphylococcal streak technique. Those isolates that showed the phenomenon of satellitism were biotyped by indol production, urease and ornithine decarboxylation tests.Results: From 24 samples positive for Haemophilus influenza, 11 were isolated from eyes, 11 from paranasal sinuses, one from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and one from blood. The isolates from sinuses belonged to the biotype III, the biotype of 6 of the eye isolates was 11and that of the other 5 biotypes were III, and the isolates from blood were type I. Another biotype was not isolated from these samples.Conclusion: In other studies, biotype I was the most frequently isolated biotype from CSF and blood. Biotypes 11 and III have been isolated from the eyes and sputum. The relationship between biotypes II and III in conjunctivitis is well documented. In this study, the most frequently isolated biotypes from conjunctivitis samples were 11and III, type III was also common in sinusitis. Biotype IV has been isolated from genital tracts. Due to correlation of biotype and antimicrobial resistance, biotyping is recommended in Homophiles isolates.

Objective: Bacterial meningitis is a dangerous and sometimes fatal infection that affects the central nervous system. Because some antibiotics can prevent some types of these Bacteria and supress them from spreading and infecting, therefore it is important to know what type of virus or bacterium is causing meningitis. Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitides are the two main pathogens causinig acute bacterial meningitis. Different methods are used for the detection of H. influenzae and N. meningitidis but they are of low sensitivity, taking long time and difficult to perform. Therefore, complementary methods are necessary for more sensitive detection of these agents.Materials and Methods: In this study, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay was developed for detection of H. influenzae and N. meningitidis. These strains were confirmed by biochemical methods. Two specific primer pairs were designed for lic-1 and opa genes of H. influenzae and N. meningitidis respectively.Results: DNA amplification product fragments were 150bp and 320bp for H. influenzae and N. meningitidis, respectively. Streptococcus pneumoniae used as a negative control and did not yield a PCR product.Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that PCR is a useful complementary diagnostic technique, especially when Gram stain, culture, or antigenic detection is negative or inconclusive.