According to Yung, archetypes are collective unconscious contents that we inherited from the past. Archetype is an abstract and ancient idea and shared specific features between groups of affairs, objects and creatures. Yong said that the basic and primitive forms create overall pattern and design our ancient behaviors and beliefs. These universal forms that are human ancestors’ inheritances are in all times and all places, this means they perform in same way in all times and in all places. Main objective of this paper is to review the old pattern in folk beliefs of Halilrood civilization and in an interdisciplinary study, based on Yung's theory and using the resources available wants to answer this question that what are prominent archetypes in Halilrood culture and what is causing their beliefs? Method of collecting data in this paper is documentary and field research of objective observation. It seems that the basis of archetypes' formation is their norm role in life of Halilrood people. Most prominent symbols and archetypes that cause the formation of folk beliefs in Halilrood civilization are individual and collective archetypes, fire, tree descent and old wise leaders.

Cooling production strategy is one of the ancient and indigenous strategies in the cultural region of Halilrood. The cultural region of Halilrood has long summers that sometimes last for eight months. So, it was impossible to live in this area without cooling strategies. Through the current study, structures such as Kavar, Adoorband, Yakhtekan and Bonbolook were investigated. The Adoorband materials are mostly plants, palm trees, nettle and Adoor. Moreover, Yakhtekan is in common with Adoorband by using of nettle and Adoor, but unlike Adoorband, raw mud and brick are used to build its foundation and the walls. The Bonbolook is built without foundation and wall, it is only for outdoor use and to enjoy Sho-bad. All of these structures have been used in the geography of Halilrood, Makran and Hormozgan. Consequently, the main purpose of the present paper is to answer the following question: What environmental and climate-based structures emerged in cooling production? In this study, research data is gathered by observation, field studies, interviews, and library tools and discussed in a descriptive and analytical manner. The first and the most important finding of this study is that structures such as Kavar, Adoorband, Yakhtekan and Bonbolook have cooling function. And also, they were used to preserve perishable food during the hot season.

Environmental pollution, destruction and overuse of natural resources come mostly from inappropriate human behaviors. The role of women in protecting the environment is considered as a critical contribution to conservation of natural resources. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the environmental behavior of rural women in Halilrood watershed area of Jiroft County in Kerman province of Iran using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in 2017. This survey research was conducted in a descriptive method. Accessible statistical population included rural women of the studied area (N=1288). Sample size was determined via Krejcie and Morgan table (n=297). Sampling was done in a proportional stratified random sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. Study results showed that there was a positive and significant (p≤ 0. 01) relationship between antecedent variables including environmental attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control (PBC) and mediator variable (environmental intention); also, there was a positive and significant (p≤ 0. 01) relationship between the environmental intention and the rural women's behavior. Therefore, antecedent variables could explain 63 percent of variations in the rural women’ s behavior by environmental intention

Development of rural areas in rivers margins and flood plains, without understanding and attention to the dynamical and hydrological conditions and upstream areas of the rivers will cause to increase flood risk and loss of life and financial. Flood zoning has many applications, in floodplain management. For management of the three major branches of the Halilrood River, Rabor, Roodar and Javaran in Safarood watershed in Kerman Province, flood hazard zonation was considered in this research. For this purpose, Flood levels in 2 to 200 return periods in three mentioned reaches (72.13 km) using HEC-RAS and HEC-GeoRAS extension were determined in GIS environment. Initially, Rivers Plan was divided to 163 cross sections and in 75 of them, hydrological data were collected and roughness coefficient was determined by Manning method. Results showed that 90.26 percent of the total area affected by the 200-year flood, Susceptible to flooding by the flood under 25 years as well as study on flood depth in the floodplain showed that 68.26 percent of the average depth of floods with 200 years return period is belonged to floods with under 25 year return period. Survey on roughness coefficient in the return period of 200 years, revealed that with a doubling of the roughness coefficient, area under flood 7.15 percent increase which proves direct relationship between the return period and flood area. The result confirms accuracy of combination geographic information system and HEC-RAS software in flood zoning and river modeling.

Introduction: Several archaeologists believe that there is a relationship between cultural residuals, human beings, and soil. Soil related factors such as age index, climate change, and paleoclimate are important in archaeology. Soils could be accounted as records of invaluable information. Appropriate compiling of these data cause better understanding of soil and landscape genesis, and human activities in the past. There are two distinguished archeological sites of Daqyanous (Islamic Era) and Konarsandal (before Islamic Era) in Jiroft area. Besides, Konarsandal site is surrounded by old and new Halilrood channels. Since no data about the comparison of soil evolution in the mentioned archeological sites were available, the present research was conducted to compare soil evolution of archaeological sites using soil classification, clay mineralogy, and micromorphology in Jiroft area. Materials and Methods: soil samples were collected from three different archaeological sites including new channel of Halilrood (pedon 1), old channel of Halilrood (pedon 2) and, Daqyanous (pedon 3). The samples were air-dried and sieved (2 mm). Routine soil physical and chemical analyses including pH, EC, soil textural class, soluble sodium, calcium, and magnesium, and gypsum and calcite contents were performed. The studied pedons were classified using Soil Taxonomy system according to morphology, laboratorial results, and field observations. The clay minerals were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method after carbonates, organic matter, and Fe were removed using Jakson (1965) and Kittrik and Hope (1963) procedures. Ten undisturbed samples were selected for micromorphology studies and thin section preparation. Results and Discussion: Pedon 1 is affected by Halilrood River sediments, that is why an old soil together with a young soil was formed. Salinity and SAR in the old soil were higher than the upper young soil. A textural discontinuity was found between the old and the young soils. Natric, calcic, and gypsic horizons were found in pedon 1 and caused a Typic Natrargid to be formed in new Halilrood channel. Natric horizon due to high Na cation was formed in pedons 1 and 2. On the other hand, salic, natric, and cambic horizons formed a Typic Haplosalid in pedon 2 (old Halilrood channel). High salinity and SAR in the upper layers caused salic and natric horizons to be formed. Pedon 3 with argillic horizon is an old polygenetic soil. Available humidity in the past caused removal of carbonates from upper layers that followed by clay illuviation and argillic horizon formation. Salinity and SAR in this soil were low and a heavy texture was found in pedon 3. Since pedon 3 showed cambic, argillic, and calcic horizons, it was classified as Arenic Haplargids. Calcium carbonate, gypsum, Fe oxides, and clay coatings were among dominant micromorphological features observed in the studied pedons. Konarsandal archeological site is located in the lowlands of Jiroft plain downward Rabor and Baft elevations. Lenticular gypsum crystals could be attributed to the solution of upward Neogene formations and groundwater close to the surface which evaporates due to capillary. Powdery calcite, Fe-oxides, and clay coating and infilling of gypsum in pore spaces of pedon 1 were observed by micromorphological investigations. Diffused clay coating around pore spaces is explainable by high sodium content and Natric horizon formation. Lenticular, interlocked plates, and infillings of gypsum were observed in pedon 1. However, gypsum with irregular shapes and low content was investigated in pedon 2. This is due to location of this pedon in Halilrood old channel. That is why pedon 2 affected by Halilrood during long periods of time is unstable and shows less evolution compared to pedon 1. Irregular and lenticular forms of gypsum show weak soil development due to low rainfall, high evaporation, and excess salt. High NaCl is reported as a requirement for lenticular gypsum formation. This form of gypsum is supported by high salinity in pedons 1 and 2. High Na and natric horizon formation in pedons 1 and 2 caused dispersion of clay and ceased formation of clay films around pore spaces. Gypsum was not found in pedon 3 during filed and laboratory studies. Besides, gypsum was not observed by micromorphological observations. Clay and calcite coatings and calcite infillings were among the micromorphological features observed in pedon 3. Calcite coating on clay coating in this pedon could be attributed to the climate with more available humidity in the past followed by an arid climate. Carophyte algae fossil was only observed in pedon 3. Kaolinite, illite, chlorite, smectite, and palygorskite clay minerals were determined by X-ray diffraction. Palygorskite is highly related to the parent material and climate. Pedogenic palygorskite formation from transformation of 2: 1 clay minerals and/or neoformation is reported by several studies. Due to the impact of paleoclimate with more available humidity, palygorskite was not found in Daqyanous archeological site. It seems that higher humidity in the past did not allow palygorskite formation or transformed it into smectite. Chlorite and illite are originated from parent material. Evidences of pedogenic mica minerals in arid and semi-arid environments were also found which is due to K fixation among smectite layers. Smectite with pedogenic origin is also reported by Sanjari et al. (29) in the study area. Chlorite, illite, and kaolinite clay minerals seem to be originated from parent material in the present study. Conclusion: Laboratories analyses and micromorphology observations clearly showed weak development in Konarsandal pedons compared to high evolution of soils in Daghyanous archaeological site. The same results were also found for unstable surfaces of pedons 1 and 2 compared to stable surface of pedon 3. The stable surface provided the accumulation of clay and calcite coatings around the cavities and the formation of argillic and calcic horizons indicating high soil development. Results of the study showed polygenetic formation in soils. Soils in old Halilrood channel show high salinity and Na adsorption ratio compared to other two pedons under study.

On the dishes obtianed from the civilization of the Halirood basin, were engraved various humans, plants, animals and geometric designs. Among them, animal schemes are prominent in terms of abundance, human creativity, artistic and ritual status. Accordingly, the main purpose of the article is the study and introduce animalistic motifs of civilization in the Halilrood, Jiroft, based on the objects which discovered and obtained from this civilization in light of the theory of Totem, and seeks to response the question: What are meanings the animalistic motifs of the Halilrood (Jiroft) civilization? A totemic study of animalistic motifs in the Halilrood basin creates a new understanding for the audience, and human actors in the Halilrood basin could have approaches from respect for holiness, taboo and fear for the carve of animals on objects. This research covering the field of history, archeology and psychology. Accordingly, the research data was provided with field research and library tools and based on the totemic theory deal with a combination of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical society consisted of 171 vases, 122 vases in Jiroft, “ Jiroft; the oldest civilization of the east” (Majidzadeh, 2002), and 49 vases in the “ Objects from the Jiroft treasury” (Piran, 2013). As total, 213 items were counted and divisions and study of the motifs also were done. The findings of the research indicate that animal motifs with 47. 88% of the total number of motifs constitute the most abundant patterns in the Helilrood basin civilization, and in the next category geometric motifs with 20. 65% and plant motifs with 12. 67% were placed. Man-made patterns-animals that inserted in 15 dishes make up 11. 73% percent of the motifs. Animal motifs fill with religious and religious nature, and it is likely that the civilized human being living in the Halilrood basin in the Carve of these animals, as well as the carve of humans on the dishes, has a look of respect and sanctity.

Dams are economically, politically, and socially important structures and their roles in the development of countries are undeniable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental risks of Jiroft Dam in the utilization phase so as to reduce its negative effects. Construction of a large dam can threat the environment in various ways. In this research, the physico-chemical, natural, biological, socio-economic and cultural, and safety and health risks of Jiroft Dam were evaluated. Methodology In this study, EFMEA method was used to assess the environmental risks of Jiroft Dam. To evaluate the relevant risks, 29 parameters in 5 groups, including physico-chemical, natural, socio-economic and cultural, biological, and safety and health risks were chosen. The data were collected by interviewing the experts. The risk factors were evaluated by using EFMEA method based on the probability of occurrence and severity and probability of detection. To determine priorities of the risk levels, the upper and lower limits of each risk and its average and standard deviation were obtained. Discussion Based on the Risk Priority Number (RPN), the soil erosion with RPN=100 and in river downstream morphology changes with RPN=12 showed the highest and lowest risk values related to the physico-chemical factors. Also, flood with RPN=60 and landslide with RPN=20 displayed the highest and lowest risk values related to the natural risk factors. Moreover, among the biological risk factors, the impacts on the habitat (RPN=75) and threats to the aquatic life of the downstream (RPN=80) demonstrated the highest numerical risk values. The lowest RPN was related to propagation of weeds in the downstream of the dam and changes in food chains (RPN=20). Also, land-use change (RPN=20) and social acceptance and security risks (RPN=6) revealed the highest and lowest risk levels related to the social, economic, and cultural factors. Furthermore, human mistakes before, during, and after the utilization phase, which were related to the safety (RPN=75) and health (RPN=48) risk factors depicted the highest levels of risk, while the growth of insects in Jiroft Dam Reservoir (RPN=12) indicated the lowest risk value. Conclusion According to the findings, soil erosion and sedimentation showed high-risk levels in the group of physico-chemical risks. Moreover, their effects on water sources (thermal layering), pollution (air, sound, soil, and water), downstream-suspended solids, soil eutrophication, and soil compaction were classified in a moderate-risk class, while the river morphology change was classified in the low-risk class. The earthquake, flood, and landslide were classified in the moderate-risk class. Also, the habitat risk and threatening to the aquatic life of the downstream related to the biological risks were classified in the high-risk class. Effects on the vegetation, blocking of the migration route (animal movement), propagation of weeds in downstream of the dam, changes to the food chains, and degradation of harbor area were classified in the moderate-risk class. Among the socio-economic and cultural indices, the land use change as well as the reduced employment and income in the region were classified in the medium-risk class, while the social acceptance and security, tourism acceptance, and land acquisition were classified in the low-risk class. In the group of safety and health risks, human mistakes before, during, and after the utilization phase showed a high risk, while creating a suitable environment for the growth of insects in Jiroft Dam Reservoir displayed a low-risk level. The risks of explosions, war, and terrorism related to the dam, corrosion of facilities, and spread of diseases were classified in the moderate-risk class. The results of this research can significantly help to reduce the environmental hazards of the mentioned dam during the utilization phase.

Given the fact that hydropower energy is the third largest source of electricity generation and also the most important renewable energy producer in the world, the optimal use of the huge and expensive source of water is essential. In this study, water cycle metaheuristic algorithm was used for optimization of the hydropower operation of Jiroft reservoir located in Halilrood basin (south of Iran) for a period of 223 months (from October 2000 to April 2019). The decision variables in the hydropower energy optimization model of the reservoir are the optimal release values of the monthly hydropower output from the reservoirs. After verifying the reliability of the WCA algorithm using several standard benchmark functions, a model was developed for optimal hydropower operation of the Jiroft reservoir. Also, the results of the algorithm were compared with the results of known metaheuristic algorithms of the Harmony search Algorithm (HS) and Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). The WCA, ICA and HS algorithms were capable to generate energy 7203, 273. 66, and 7115. 78 MW during the statistical period, respectively. Also, the objective function value for WCA, ICA and HS algorithms, was obtained 4. 78, 5. 82, and 8. 63, respectively. The results revealed that the MSA algorithm was the superior algorithm in optimal hydropower operation.

Given the fact that hydropower energy is the third largest source of electricity generation and also the most important renewable energy producer in the world, the optimal use of the huge and expensive source of water is essential. In this research, the new optimization algorithms of dFDB-MRFO, ARO, EO, HMO, MRA,and WHO, compared to the well-known GA, have been used for optimization of the hydropower energy generation of the Jiroft Dam located in the Halilrood basin (south of Iran) for the long-term period of 19 years. For this purpose, a model was developed for the optimal hydropower energy operation of Jiroft Dam. The objective function in the mentioned model was defined as minimizing the ratio of produced energy to the installed power plant capacity. The results showed that the operation scenarios resulting from the dFDB-MRFO,ARO,EO,HMO,MRA,WHO and GA algorithms were capable to generate hydropower energy of 1482.43,1476.49,1468.30,1474.64,1430.44,1480.91 and 1403.65 GWh during the statistical period, respectively. Also, the best objective function values for the dFDB-MRFO, ARO, EO, HMO, MRA, WHO and GA algorithms were obtained as 8.10, 8.92, 10.04, 9.18, 15.66, 8.31 and 19.26, respectively. The obtained results indicate the high performance of the new dFDB-MRFO and WHO algorithms in comparison with the other studied algorithms in the optimal operation of hydropower dams. The operation scenarios resulting from the new dFDB-MRFO and WHO algorithms were able to produce energy at the rate of 96.41 and 96.31% of the total capacity of the Jiroft Dam power plant during the study period.

The occurrence of drought is one of the natural phenomena and an inseparable part of climate change and natural hazards that can occur anywhere. Hydrological drought is used to indicate the reduction of surface flows and the drop in the levels of underground water reservoirs, lakes, and rivers. The present research was conducted to determine the values of the base flow index and to assess its effectiveness in identifying the type of flow regime and conducting a regional analysis of hydrological drought in the HalilRood watershed. For this purpose, three homogeneous hydrological drought zones were established based on the threshold level and cluster analysis. The base flow index was then calculated on a daily scale using daily discharge data from ten hydrometric stations within these homogeneous zones. The results showed that the regional average of the annual base flow index is 0. 38, with a standard deviation of 0. 193 over the long-term statistical period, and that the range of the base flow index is 0. 12–0. 29. Based on the 70th, 80th, and 90th percentiles, the river flow regime was divided into four classes, revealing that 100% of the watershed sub-basins in the study area exhibited an unstable regime. Additionally, the results of drought zoning indicated that hydrological drought occurred at a threshold level of 70 in the southeast of the region near the Dehroud hydrometric station, and at levels of 80 and 90 in the northwest near the Baft and Cheshme-Arus stations. The findings of this research can be utilized for assessing underground water supply, managing water supply systems, irrigation management, monitoring hydrological drought, and developing regional models for estimating water resource reserves in areas lacking statistical data.