Social rehabilitation of the handicapped requires that the physical environment accommodates the needs of the physically challenged population. To this end, the standard dimensions and properties of the wheelchair are compared with the current situation of urban streets, services and furniture. This yields a set of key problems encountered in different street widths. Another set of problems include those concerning use of certain urban services such as bus station public telephone, dustbin, postbox, drinking fountain, residential access and parksas well as signage and lighting. A series of recommendations help to eradicate these problems. These recommendations address both the physical properties of the urban space and removal of permanent or temporary obstacles. Another set of recommendations are alsopresented with regard to the physically challenged, visual disabilities and audibility impairment.

Introduction: In attention to post traumatic stress disorder as the most prevalent disorder among Iran -Iraq war veterans and expanded affect of sufficient and well sleeping on personal and social functions, we are going to find out which factors have significant relationship with low quality of sleep. Among handicapped patients with PTSD.Methods: This study is an eross- sectional descriptive research. The samples consist of 70 patients who were chosen from the patients who were referred to psychiatric clinic of Baqiyatallah hospital. Instrument of data collecting was Petersburg quality of sleep questionnaire and tables of frequency and relative frequency were used in order to descript qualitative variables and mean, median and standard deviation were used to show quantitative variables.Results: The mean and the standard deviation of the percentage of war in jury were 34.8 and 14.7±. Quality of sleep was undesirable among 88.6% of patients. The interval between going to bed and sleeping were between 2 minutes to 4 hours. And its mean and standard deviation was respectively 65 minutes and ±49. Quality of sleep in occupational groups (p=0.012), background of pschiatrical hospitalized (p=0.001) had significant statistical difference. Quality of sleep did not show any correlations with age, marital, education, percent of war injury (p >0.005).Conclusion: This study reports that the quality of sleep was undesirable. In attention to noticeable affect of quality of sleep on personal function and quality of life, it should be notable to planner and health manager and physician.

Background and Objective: The handicapped are grappling with many problems, which could jeopardize their mental as well as physical health. Several studies have demonstrated the correlation between religion and mental health. In the recent decades, religion and psychological studies have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers. This study aimed to examine the relationship between religious beliefs and mental health.Materials and Methods: Eighty eight members from Zanjan Handicapped Community (year 2011) constituted the sample for this study. The participants took two tests of Allport’s Religious Orientation and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). These tests have already been translated and standardized for the Iranian society. Using SPSS, the test data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient.Results: The results showed a statistically reversed correlation between global religious score and third subscale of GHQ (how to cope with common life situations) at significance level of 0.01 (r=-0.29 and P=0.006) and also between internal religious score and the same subscale at significance level of 0.05 (r=-0.224 and P=0.036).Conclusion: It seems that the handicapped are not aware of the role of faith in their health; thus, some measures should be taken in this regard to promote their health.

Background and Aim: One of the biggest problems faced by parents of handicapped children is the child's health care. This study investigates patterns of heath care utilization and the related factors in children with mental impairment. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 110 children (³14 year old) with developmental disabilities in Tehran. Parents were selected by systematic random sampling for face-to-face interView. Statistical analysis was based on negative binomial regression. Results: Over 99% of the surveyed children received ambulatory care and 15% had been hospitalized over the preceding year; 0.9% had never used health services. These children had utilized health services 207±18 times in a year. Among these services 38±3 were not subsidized by the State. Factors affecting service utilization were parent information (p<0.033) and referral to the proper service delivery points (p<0.029).Conclusion: Appropriate interventions are required to address the above-mentioned factors and improve service utilization.

This study investigated the variety and prevalence of sport injuries among the national handicapped athletes. The relationship between the types and place of the injuries and athletic background, athletic field, and the type of impairment were also studied. Considering the prevalence of the types of injuries, the highest level of injuries were muscular injuries (42.47%), and joint injuries (24.1%); ligament injuries (14.44%); skin injuries (9.79%); bone injuries (7.22%); and other injuries (1.95%). Considering the place of the injuries, the highest levels were upper extremities injuries (47.24%), and lower extremities injuries (29.98%); and head, neck, and trunk injuries (22.76%0). It was concluded that there was no significant relationship between the types of injuries and length of handicapped. The relationship between places of injuries, and duration of impairment was significant for upper extremity injuries only (P<0.05). The relationship between the types of injuries and athletic reputation were only significant for joint injuries (P<0.05). The relationships between the locations of injuries and athletic reputation were only significant for upper extremity injuries (P<0.05). The relationship between the type of injuries and different sport fields in the cases of bone, and ligament injuries and other injuries were significant (P<0.05). The same case was significant for skin injuries (P<0.05). The relationship between the locations of injuries, and the different sport field were only significant for lower extremity injuries (P<0.05). The relationship between the types of injuries and varieties of impairment was significant for joint and other injuries (P<0.05). The relationship between the places of injuries and the types of impairment, were significant for upper and lower extremity injuries (P<0.05).