Medication adverse events are the fourth to sixth cause of death in the United States of America, and the annual deaths due to medication complications and errors in this country are more than of the annual deaths from AIDS, breast cancer and high way accidents. Unsafe medication practices and medication errors are one of the main causes of harm and especially avoidable harm in health care systems worldwide. Globally, the cost of medication errors is estimated at $42 billion annually. The scale and nature of this harms vary among low-, middle-, and high-income countries. Patients living in low-income countries suffer twice as much as patients living in high-income countries. In response to this issue, in 2017, World Health Organization (WHO) introduced “, safe medicine”,as the subject of the third global patient safety challenge. Also, the theme of Patient Safety Day (September 17) last year (2022) was chosen and announced by WHO as “, Medication Without Harm “, and subsequently member countries were requested to increase their activities in this field. The aim of this challenge was to reduce severe avoidable medication-related harm by 50%, globally, in a 5 years’,period. This challenge was formally launched at the Second Global Ministerial Patient Safety Summit in Bonn, Germany on 29 March 2017. WHO calls for urgent action by countries for achieving Medication Without Harm. WHO has introduced four domains for this challenge including patients and the public, health care professionals, medicines and systems and practices of medication. There are also 16 subdomains related to these domains, mainly polypharmacy, high-risk situations and transitions of care. This challenge requires the commitment of health ministers, health system leaders, and stakeholders including educational institutes, drug regulators, researchers, and pharmaceutical companies in order to achieve its main goal in the form of reducing the global amount of severe harm associated with pharmaceutical products. Health care professionals, including pharmacists, can improve medication safety by promoting patient engagement, team-working and a safety culture.

If the human body, after death, to be damaged, the analysis of the topic is particularly significant in determining the injured party. Should the deceased be considered as injured? There is a doubt because of incapacity of deceased therefore he could not have any right on his body. In addition, the dead cannot be harmed, because the dead are free from pain, grief, despair, and other unpleasant sensations. As result, the deceased should not be seen as loss party. The second answer is inheritor. But in this manner and with relying of appearance of penal code, inheritors are not injured. By Rejecting the two aforementioned options and in result, society is incurred a loss of injury to dead's corpus. Because of The disturbance of the peace community members after injury to dead's corpus. Thus, by accepting civil liability for the cause of the damage, in fact, the life assured that their body will be respected after death. That is why both the renowned jurists and the new punishment law pay compensation in the way of charity in order to offset the damage to society.

The aim of this investigation is study and comparing personality factors in self-harm prisoners, non self-harm prisoners and normal subjects. Investigation want to recognize the personality factors that discriminate the self harm prisoners from others. The method of this research was descriptive-comparative, in which a sample consisting 150 self-harm prisoners, self-harm prisoners and normal subjects (50 per groups) was matched by demographic characteristics and investigated by big five personality factors (NEO) Inventory. The results of variance analysis indicated that Neuroticism and Extroversion factors there are difference between self-harm prisoners with non self-harm prisoners and with normal subjects. In Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness factors there are not difference between self-harm prisoners with none self-harm but between them and normal subjects.