Background and Objective: The Fallopian tube plays an essential role in tubal transport of both gametes and embryos and successful pregnancy. We assessed the HISTOMORPHOLOGICal effect of smoking on the fallopian tubes in rats, in this study.Patients and Methods: Twelve female rats were divided to two groups as subjects (n=7) and controls (n=5). They have been exposed to smoke four times daily for 4 weeks. The HISTOMORPHOLOGICal effect of smoking on the fallopian tubes was assessed by H&E.Results: The findings were hydrosalpinx in two cases and inflammation in one of them. There was no reduction in the number of either the ciliated cells or the cilia.Conclusion: The findings did not confirm our theory regarding smoking effect on the fallopian tubes’ tissue. Further studies with electronic microscope are recommended.

HISTOMORPHOLOGIC and histomorphometric studies on the pancreas of Mehraban male sheep were done in four age groups: fetus, neonate, young adult and old age In this respect, we used special stainings, light microscope and ocular micrometer. The results showed that the smooth muscles were absent in capsule. The tubular portion of exocrine pancreas was more prominent. Neuroinsular complex and beta unicellular islets were observed. The islet diameters were found between 51.01 to 96.09 microns. The capsule had not role in the secretion of pancreatic juice, The islet diameters increased by age.

Background and Aim: Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common form of primary cutaneous lymphoma, resulting from the infiltration of malignant T cells into skin tissues. The disease has three distinct stages: patch, plaque, and tumor. In the patch and plaque stages, it can mimic the clinical features of benign dermatoses. However, two scoring systems facilitate diagnosis at these stages, which will be discussed in more detail in this study. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded skin specimens highly susceptible to MF based on clinical examination at the patch and plaque stages were collected from April 2017 to August 2019. They were subjected to H&E and IHC staining tests and examined according to Guitart and Pimpinelli criteria. Results: Out of 78 samples, 76 had histological criteria for MF according to Guitart’, s criteria, 54 were immunologically significant according to Pimpinelli’, s criteria for MF, and 52 were classified as definitive MF according to both criteria. CD3 and CD4 markers were the most frequent markers, respectively. In contrast to previous studies, the CD7 marker was expressed at 10% or higher in 24 cases. In addition, 65 of 78 samples had a CD8 marker, and only 13 samples were CD8-. Conclusion: In the early stages of MF, a single scoring system does not have sufficient sensitivity for the diagnosis. The triad of the patient’, s clinical presentation and histological and immunohistochemical features play a key role in achieving the correct diagnosis.

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most frequent highly malignant bone tumor with a peak incidence in the second decade of life. Although survival rate increased up to 60-70% within the last 10 years, the problem of unresponsiveness to chemotherapy remains. In this study, we sought to determine the prognostic significance of P-glycoprotein as a tumor marker for osteosarcoma.Methods: In a retrospective study, we correlated P-glycoprotein immunostaining with clinicopathologic and HISTOMORPHOLOGIC features of the tumor and the patient outcome in 30 cases with primary, non-metastatic, highgrade osteosarcoma who were homogeneously treated.Results: P-glycoprotein positivity was found in 14 of 30 cases and was significantly associated with a higher incidence of adverse events and relapse rate. No relationship was found between p-glycoprotein immunostaining and clinicopathologic features such as age, sex, tumor site, histologic subtype, osteoid content, osteoid pattern, pretreatment necrosis, pleomorphism of the cells, and presence of prominent nucleoli, except for mitotic activity per 10 HPF.Conclusions: P-glycoprotein positivity in immunohistochemistry should be taken into consideration to identify a subgroup of osteosarcoma patients with poor outcome at the time of diagnosis. So it might be an important marker in planning innovative chemotherapeutic regimens.

The purpose of this study was to gain more information on the structure of different layers of renal artery and comparing these structures in post-natal male and female sheep. To do so, right and left renal arteries of 6 adult and 6 newborn animals were dissected; the middle parts of arteries were only collected. After tissue processing using paraffin embedding method, 5–6-mm sections were cut and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, green Masson's trichrome and Verhoeff's elastic fiber methods. Three layers were identified in the wall of artery in both sexes. In tunica media the number of rows of circular smooth muscle cells was 15–25 rows in newborn and 30–40 in adult sheep. External elastic membrane was visible in adult and was structurally thinner than the internal membrane. Tunica adventitia was visible in all samples and collagen fibers and smooth muscles bundle were distinguished. The existence of these muscle bundles in external layer of renal artery was not reported previously in domestic animals and regarded as a new finding in the present study. These muscle bundles were thicker in adult than in newborn animals and probably have a relationship with the function of kidney's vascular system. It was concluded that these bundles may potentiate the tunica media muscle cells to prevent hypertension crisis.

Background & Aim: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of gastrointestinal tract. They are known to express c-kit, which is important in their diagnosis and treatment. The aim of our study was to assess the morphologic and immunohistochemical features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors and the significance of c-kit expression in them.Materials and Methods: The study was descriptive and simple method for sampling was used. Files from pathology laboratory of National Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization were searched for cases referred as GIST between April 2002 and April 2005. Clinical data were recorded and their H&E and IHC slides studied. The results were analyzed by SPSS 10 software.Results: C-kit expression is a key confirmatory marker for GIST diagnosis. Therefore out of 31 referred cases only 22 cases of GISTs (12 males, 10 females) were included in this study. The patient's median age was 51 years. GISTs most frequently occurred in the stomach (12 cases) followed by small intestine (9 cases) and colon (1 case). The size of tumors ranged from 2.5 to 15 cm. Also 72.7% of tumors were hypercellular. Benign spindle cell tumors were 31%, malignant spindle cell tumors 23%, benign epithelioid tumors 23% and malignant epithelioid tumors constituted 23%. Mucosal invasion and tumoral necrosis were present in 22.7% and 27% of cases, respectively: 72.8% of tumors had mitotic activity exceeding 5 per 50 hpf. The expression of other IHC markers were: Vimentin 63.1%, Desmin 13.1%, Smooth muscle actin 22.7%, S-100 protein 22.7% and CD34 63.6%.Conclusion: With regard to the crucial role of c-kit in the pathogenesis of GISTs, c-kit expression is essential for their diagnosis and therapy; therefore, tumors which are negative for c-kit, especially those with spindle fascicles, most probably are other mesenchymal neoplasms such as leiomyomas, schwannomas, etc., and should be classified according to their IHC markers. Long-term follow up of all GISTs patients is recommended.

Objective: To study microscopic structure of renal artery and measurement of histomorphometrical parameters before birth.Design: Observational study.Animals: Twelve embryonic artery of both sexes at 3 and 4 months age.Procedure: Samples of arteries were taken and fixed in 10% formalin. The process was done in autotechnicon. Sections of 6 micron were stained by H&E and green mason trichrom and studied under light microscope.Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics.Results: All 3 layers of the wall of vessels were well developed in both sexes and ages of renal artery. In both ages, histomorphometrical studies showed that total diameter of renal artery in males was lesser than the females. Increase in age increased thickness of wall and diameter of lumen. While there were not significant difference between sexes, the measured parameters of renal artery showed significant difference between age groups.Conclusion: HISTOMORPHOLOGICal structures of embryonic renal artery in sheep showed 3 vascular layers. Internal elastic membrane was clearly and external elastic membrane was poorly observed and in some regions was interrupted. The recent layer will completely develop after birth by development of blood circulation. Increase in the age increase percentage of tunica media. On the other hand, percentage of other layers showed partially decrease.

The study evaluated the role of cytochrome C and pro-inflammatory cytokines in memory deficit produced by a commercial solid air freshener (SAF) in male Swiss mice. The animals were culled into 6 groups (n = 7): group 2-6 were exposed to SAF (10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) for 28 consecutive days through whole body exposure. Mice in group 1(control) were exposed to fresh air. Memory function was evaluated on day 28 using standard models. Mice brains were then processed for estimation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, cytochrome C expression and HISTOMORPHOLOGIC changes. The chemical constituents of SAF were also determined using GC-MS. SAF (100 and 200 mg/kg) produced memory decline and increased brain contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p <0. 05) but not interleukin-6 (p > 0. 05) relative to control. Increased cytochrome C immunopositive cells, reduced neuronal cells and cytoarchitectural changeswere observed in the hippocampus of mice exposed to SAF (200 g). MS GC-profiling showed the presence of 7 major volatile organic constituents in SAF. Increased release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cytochrome C expression might play a role in SAF-induced memory deficit in mice.

Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumor with diverse clinical behavior and HISTOMORPHOLOGIC presentations. Basal cell ameloblastoma are extremely rare variants of ameloblastoma. Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is a distinct form of odontogenic cyst that is considered a benign cystic neoplasm and not a cyst. Co-occurrence of these odontogenic tumors has been rarely reported. This paper reports a 34-year old female patient with a unilocular radiolucency around the crown of a partially erupted third molar that was detected accidentally on a routine radiographic examination. She underwent excisional biopsy with a clinical diagnosis of dentigerous cyst. Histopathologic examination revealed a cystic lesion with criteria of OKC and islands and nests reminiscent of basal cell ameloblastoma and acanthomatous ameloblastoma in the stroma. Follow-up showed no recurrence of lesion to date. Due to the rarity of the lesion, the diagnosis was challenging but altogether we made a diagnosis of keratoameloblastoma with basaloid features.