The aim of the current study was to compare the exercise-induced HYPOALGESIA (EIH) due to Aerobic Rehabilitative Continues vs High Intensity Interval exercise. Methods: Thirtynine healthy participants (Mean ±,SE age 30 ±,9. 7 year, BMI 23. 6 ±,2. 8 kg/m2) were randomly assigned into 3 groups (13 in each) including aerobic continues exercise, high intensity interval exercise and/or control group. EIH index was recorded on before, immediately after and 30 minutes after exercise or control intervention. A mix ANOVA was used to statistically analyse the data. Results: The EIH index was significantly developed at all the quadriceps, biceps and upper trapezius muscle sites (p > 0. 05). EIH index immediately after intermittent exercise was significantly higher than immediately after continues exercise in quadriceps muscle site (p > 0. 05). Conclusion: Both modes of aerobic exercise has the potential to stimulate the EIH in the body at both the local and central level. The findings on muscular pain received during the exercise and EIH induced by different modes of exercise demonstratethat pain induced by exercise training is less likely to act as a stimulation for EIH rather than other characteristics of exercise training. Findings of this study has the potential to be used by pain relief therapists specially those who are interested in designing acute exercise trainings to be used as alternative pain relief therapy.

Aim and Background: Pain is one of the factors that produce after of decrease or opiates stop. The purpose of this study was to determination the effect of exercise training on evoking of HYPOALGESIA effect subsequent of increased BEND levels in the addicts.Methods and Materials: In this study, 20 male addicts (20-33 years old) were selected after public call and divided into drug supplement (N=10) and exercise -drug supplement (N=10) groups. The first group was performed exercise training to intensity of 70-75 percent of VO2max for twenty sessions (5 sessions per week and for 45 to 55 minutes in each session). They also was consumption 10 milligrams Methadone. The second group only was consumption 10 milligrams methadone daily. After it we survey b- Endorphin levels and HYPOALGESIA due to mechanical pain and pain due to decrease and increase of temperature.Findings: Statistic analysis was shown that the amounts of BEND significantly increase in both groups (P<0.05). Also, the first group significantly enhanced status of HYPOALGESIA in all of painful stimulus (P<0.05). Conclusions: Presumably method of exercise-drug supplement is better for decrease and management of pain in addicts.

Chronic constriction injury (CCI) is a commonly accepted model of neuropathic pain, which has been introduced by Bennett and Xie in 1988. This model contains the most usual characteristics of human neuropathic pain due to an increase in central sensitization like hyperalgesia and allodynia. It is a usual practice to apply acute pain stimulants such as thermal and mechanical ones for assessment of CCL In this experiment, formalin has been used as a chemical stimulant, which produces two phases of acute and chronic pain. In this way, the effect of CCI is not only determined in the acute phase, but also in the chronic phase, which the latter has a different mechanism of development. Furthermore, the role of formalin pain prior to CCI on formalin pain following CCI was also studied. Moreover, the role of intravenous injection of lidocaine, as a central pain blocker, before injection of formalin prior to CCI and its effect on the formalin pain post CCI was also investigated. The results showed that in the first phase of formalin test, CCI produced hyperalgesia at second day post CCI in the group which had sciatic ligation without formalin injection prior to CCI and hyperalgesia at day 14 post CCI in all groups, with or without formalin injection prior to CCI and the group who had lidocaine. In this respect, there were not any significant changes in the second phase of formalin test in all groups, except for hyperalgesia at second day post CCI in the group which had not received formalin prior to CCI.

Noise stress can affect behavior activities of the living organisms such as learning, memory appetite and even social communications. In this study the effects of acute and chronic noise stresses (intermittent 90-120 dB, 300-350 Hz during night) on acute pain threshold of the female rats have been investigated. Animals kepi on standard conditions, 12 hrs dark and light cycle with free access for food and water. The tail immersign method was used to assess the acute pain threshold. The results showed that the pain thresholds of the animals under acute and chronic noise stresses(5.24±0.34, 8.94±0.12 S) were significantly (P<0.01, P<0.002) higher compared to thresholds obtained from the same animals before the stresses (4.1±0.22,4.020.22 S Nopectively). The resuls of this study suggest that both acute and chronic noise stresses can decrease pain sensation, and this must be considered on the evaluation of the responses of the subjects under various typesly stressors.

Background: Based on new evidence, exercise with type and intensity consideration may impact on pain relief and good cardiovascular responses in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).Objective: To investigate the effect of resistance (RE) and aerobic exercise (AE) on the threshold, pain perception and cardiovascular responses in women with MS.Methods: In this semi-experimental study, Ten female patients with MS selected from MS society of Rasht who had necessary criteria and average systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 112.90 and diastolic blood pressure of 74.50 (mmHg) participated as a purposeful and available sample in 2014. Resistance exercise included 2 sets of 10 repetitions for 5 exercises as circuit and aerobic exercise consisted of cycle ergometry with intensity of 50-60% HRmax. Pain threshold, perception and blood pressure were measured with Algometer, pain scale and sphygmomanometer ALPK2 respectively. The ANOVA repeated measures and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analysis.Findings: SBP had a normal process, but it was non-significant after exercises. Heart rate increased (P<0.05) immediately after both exercises compared with pre-exercise significantly and at minutes of 10-60 after the exercise was significantly reduced comparing to immediately post aerobic exercise (P<0.05).Pain perception was not significant after both exercises, Pain threshold than pre-exercise level was decreased in both exercises, but significant relationship with Heart rate was observed only in aerobic exercise (P=0.041).Conclusion: Based on the findings, resistance exercise and aerobic exercise with moderate intensity probably can lead to decrease pain threshold, blood pressure and heart rate to 15 minutes after the exercise in female patients with MS.

Introduction: Broad neural circuits originate from the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and project to many parts of the brain which are related to pain perception. Insulin receptors are found in the arcuate nucleus. Since nociception may be affected in type 1 diabetes, the present study aimed to investigate the intra-arcuate nucleus insulin role in pain perception in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic and healthy rats. Methods: Regular insulin was microinjected within the arcuate nucleus and the pain tolerance was measured using the hot plate and the tail-flick apparatus in diabetic rats. Results: The results showed that the arcuate nucleus suppression with lidocaine could increase thermal nociception in non-diabetic animals. Also, insulin within the arcuate nucleus decreased the acute thermal pain perception in these animals. STZ-induced diabetes produced HYPOALGESIA which the latency of these tests, progressively increased over time after induction of diabetes. Also, in the same animal group, intra-arcuate injection of insulin reduced the latency of nociception. Conclusion: Intra-arcuate insulin has paradoxical and controversial effects in healthy and diabetic rats’ nociception. These effects seem to be due to the insulin effect on releasing proopiomelanocortin and its derivatives.