Hangout is a place for people’s gathering by attending freely to talk, play, get information and rest. The importance of study is to bold its role to increase social and cultural interactions. The adopted method for this study is survey and gathering data is implemented through library studying, questionnaires, global information network and technical journals.After gathering data and collecting questionnaires from statistical society including 100 participants, 44 of them were selected by calculating Cochran formula. The participants are from different social statuses. In order to classify data comparative analysis was used through 21st version of SPSS. Validity of questionnaire was confirmed by the professors and was obtained 0.87 by Cronbach’s alpha. Regarding of the data, the adopted method was surveyed. The hypothesis is based on this question “which factors do interactions in hangout depend on?” The main hypothesis is “Social interaction in architectural space is based on effects of environmental, social, structural, and climate factors. Through gathering data by the questionnaires scored by participants from different social statuses, the results of hangout increase and growth as a helpful space in architecture and urban society were surveyed and in order to develop social and cultural interactions. Analyzes determined that factors can incense the quality in designing of hangout.

The advent of modernity in Iran weakened many structures and practices, including social hangouts in cities; therefore, the public was cynical about this space. While hangouts, as a third-place and public space in a city, promote social capital, vibrant centers, and citizenship education, Tehran Daneshjoo Park, as a public space with an urban scale and physical and social features, can also be considered a hangout for various social groups. The present study seeks to identify hangouts and factors affecting their formation, continuity, or fading in this space. Accordingly, documentaries were investigated via a descriptive-survey method. Then, interviews with space users at different times and with observation instruments such as photography and behavioral mapping were employed. The results showed a hangout for artists and art lovers, vendors, and food vendors, students and young women, people with sexual identity disorders, addicts and drug dealers, and the elderly. Also, functional components such as geographical location, urban theater building, and its architectural type, platforms and stair space structure, water pool, urban furniture, enclosure in space, social components such as the presence of social observers, drug distribution, and street peddler are effective in creating and the continuation of these hangouts. Most of these hangouts are formed as part of open space with a trans-regional scale.

Public spaces in cities have been conceived as leisure and tourism destinations due to their social and civic roles. Due to economic, political, and managerial factors, many of these spaces in Tehran have become passive and non-social in recent years. Although institutions such as the government and urban management argue that the objective of constructing spaces is to improve social life and tourism, in places such as Valiasr Square, the stagnation of social life is problematic. It seems that one-sided political tendencies toward space as a platform for the government to show its power position have frequently resulted in the elimination or diminution of the share and interest of groups of stakeholders in public space. Social inequality in space efficiency as a result of a biased approach calls into question the meaning of public space as a place belonging to the public. The reasons for the failure of government public spaces such as Valiasr Square can be the lack of full-fledged and inclusive processes to create a common place with an unexpected nature and accessibility to different groups of society. Therefore, social and tourism approaches to public spaces should not be atomistic and need to stay away from partiality. Space should be used as both an object and a tool to dominate and display power. Adopting a holistic approach to space as a common property of power institutions and members of the public and society can provide the possibility of forming citizenship and social life.

If we assume the city as a living organism, it needs vitality to survive. Today, the provision of urban vitality is one of the main concerns of urban management, especially in the developed countries. Urban space is an important factor to promote vitality in cities, but the role of urban space in our country is declining day by day. One of the urban spaces is hangout. Urban hangouts are spaces for social interaction, usage of urban landscape, resuscitation collective memories and creating a sense of attachment to urban space by citizens. In this study, it was tried to investigate the effectiveness of urban hangouts as behavioral camp to promote urban public spaces vitality. The case study was Niasarm in Isfahan which is introduced as an urban hangout. The method of research was descriptive-analytical. The independent variable was urban hangout and the dependent variable was vitality. The hypothesis of the research was examined using the P. O. E method.

The purpose of this paper is to study the lived experience of homelessness based on its characteristics, distinctions and conditions. The social system and organization of homeless hangouts are influenced by the pattern of urban growth, the system of power that governs it, and the interactions of outcasts in the hangout. This research has been done by qualitative method based on thematic analysis technique. For this purpose, in-depth semi-structured interviews with 32 homeless people were conducted in six homeless hangouts (based on targeted sampling) and the data were analyzed using Maxqda software. The results show that homeless hangouts, as a livelihood territory, have a customary system of division of labor with degrees of compulsive collectivism that combine a sense of need for social cohesion, personal emotion, support, relief and identity in the community. The considerable degree of freedom of action in the field of individual action, which by formal criteria can be regarded as a form of anomaly, together with the minimal provision of anything that makes life possible for the homeless, provides a dual attraction for that territory. Finally, from an introspective perspective, the hangout can be seen as an informal, dynamic local community, not merely a conglomeration of perverse and abnormal individuals.

Objectives The objective of this study was to examine legal considerations and law enforcement interventions from the perspective of experts, which are needed to manage or reduce health and social harms related to open drug scenes (ODS). Methods This study was qualitative and was conducted using the content analysis method with a purposeful sampling method in Tehran City, Iran, in 2023. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 key informants, including 5 treatment and harm reduction service providers, 4 police officers, 2 lawyers, and 2 judges, until saturation was reached. The data were analyzed using MAXQDA software, version 10, and the validity of the data was confirmed based on the Koch criteria. Results The characteristics of ODS, tailored to the specific conditions of Iran, were among the most significant findings. According to most experts, efforts to eliminate these ODS were deemed costly, unnecessary, or even impossible. Therefore, they advocated for the scientific management of these locations to reduce health, social, and security-related harms. The main reasons for opposing the elimination of drug-related hotspots as a national strategy were primarily linked to the consequences of implementing Article 16 of the Anti-narcotics Law. Conclusion There are two main approaches regarding the existence of material ODS. The first is to review the security, social, and health interventions in these places, and the other is to confront and destroy these places. Experience shows that the strategy of confronting and destroying ODS does not help eliminate them, but leads to the relocation of ODS, which increases security and health damages and becomes uncontrollable.

Container terminals are places where cargo is transported from point to point using special equipment. One of the most important issues in planning coastal operations at container terminals is the issue of the planning of the embankment or quay, which has a significant impact on crane, yard, warehouse and truck routing programs. This research involved a basin planning model with a multi-pier simultaneous planning approach in a port. An improved chemical reaction algorithm was used to solve this model. The CRO algorithm is an effective algorithm for searching for optimal or near optimal solutions. This algorithm has a variable population that sometimes slows down the algorithm or renders some of its operators unusable. In this study, it is attempted to keep the population of the algorithm in proper range. To evaluate the proposed method, we investigate the scheduling results of the proposed method with three algorithms DE, GA and PSO. By reducing ship expectations, the port in question can be more successful in competing with nearby ports by increasing the satisfaction of shipping companies and delivering higher productivity and profitability.

The increase in the human population, the need to develop human cultural and social spaces on the one hand, and the need to create public spaces with identity, on the other hand, has led to more attention to the topic of cultural identity in public spaces in recent decades. Library Garden, as a public and spatial institution, plays a vital role in the process of cultural and social development in the field of urban space. Books and reading and the tendency to study are some of the characteristics of the development and promotion of the cities. It is possible to advance the cultural and social goals of the society through reading books. With this approach, the present article tries to study the feasibility of creating a library garden in Sabzeh Meydan Square of Zanjan with the approach of promoting the culture of reading. The methodology of this research was a descriptive survey and was applied in terms of purpose. To evaluate the preference of indicators in creating a library garden, the weight of each of them was determined, and finally, the amount of compatibility of the best-worst model has been used to evaluate how to implement indicators in terms of importance/performance and amount of compliance. The results showed that creative designing, with a large difference compared to other factors with a value of 0.14, has been ranked first, and creating this space has been a priority over other indicators. An environment that, like the pleasant qualities of the Persian gardens, enriches the sense of place with its psychological effects, but with a different reading, and can complement the closed spaces of the library in the design by using open spaces and flexibility of collective creative spaces that pave the way for social dynamism and subconscious education. On the distant horizon, using recreational, cultural, and tourist opportunities, according to the goals and vision of the Sabzeh Meydan project, to become a policy to promote the culture of reading and show the importance of rich Iranian culture to tourists. It is expected that the opinions and views of users and their participation will be used to create a place for social activities, the formation of collective memories, and the identification of residents.

Purpose- This paper aims to reconsider the experience of youth presence in coffee shops and reflect on the semantic relationships within café culture. It seeks to answer the question of why young people are drawn to cafés in Tehran. The article examines coffee shop culture as a lifestyle for the youth in districts 2 and 6 of Tehran, attempting to identify the characteristics of this group's lifestyle.  Methodology- The dominant research approach is Ethnography, which seeks to identify the system of semantic relationships governing coffee shops. This was achieved through semi-structured interviews using random sampling with 30 young people (aged 18 to 30) from Tehran who frequent cafés. Findings-Cafés are not just places for drinking coffee and having simple meals; they are cultural spaces that have evolved in the context of urbanization and the middle class, shaped by some cultural transformations of the contemporary era. Most of the patrons of these urban cultural spaces are young, middle-class urbanites who choose cafés for a different experience and for informal interactions. Coffee shops are a part of these young people's lifestyle or leisure activities. Conclusions- The analysis of the research findings in this study shows that for young people, cafés are spaces where they can escape cultural constraints and a place to display their agency against societal pressures. These cafés allow young people to express their true selves in a privatized space where their subcultural norms are accepted, away from the control of elders and societal surveillance. The research suggests that cafés have moved beyond their original meaning and location, forming a complex social environment where youth values and culture can be explored. This sense of freedom and acceptance can help us understand the current needs of young people and address the gaps between them and their families.

The increase in the human population, the need to develop human cultural and social spaces on the one hand, and the need to create public spaces with identity, on the other hand, has led to more attention to the topic of cultural identity in public spaces in recent decades. Library Garden, as a public and spatial institution, plays a vital role in the process of cultural and social development in the field of urban space. Books and reading and the tendency to study are some of the characteristics of the development and promotion of the cities. It is possible to advance the cultural and social goals of the society through reading books. With this approach, the present article tries to study the feasibility of creating a library garden in Sabzeh Meydan Square of Zanjan with the approach of promoting the culture of reading. The methodology of this research was a descriptive survey and was applied in terms of purpose. To evaluate the preference of indicators in creating a library garden, the weight of each of them was determined, and finally, the amount of compatibility of the best-worst model has been used to evaluate how to implement indicators in terms of importance/performance and amount of compliance. The results showed that creative designing, with a large difference compared to other factors with a value of 0.14, has been ranked first, and creating this space has been a priority over other indicators. An environment that, like the pleasant qualities of the Persian gardens, enriches the sense of place with its psychological effects, but with a different reading, and can complement the closed spaces of the library in the design by using open spaces and flexibility of collective creative spaces that pave the way for social dynamism and subconscious education. On the distant horizon, using recreational, cultural, and tourist opportunities, according to the goals and vision of the Sabzeh Meydan project, to become a policy to promote the culture of reading and show the importance of rich Iranian culture to tourists. It is expected that the opinions and views of users and their participation will be used to create a place for social activities, the formation of collective memories, and the identification of residents.