Frequent publication is one of the few powerful methods at scholar's disposal to demonstrate academic talent to peers. Successful publication of research brings attention to scholars and their institutions. This in turn may bring in more funding for the institute and also ensure an individual's progress through their field. Academic institutions and university frequently use the number of publication to an individual's credit as the measure of competency. Administrators are increasingly using this as the criteria during recruitments. Scholars, who publish infrequently or who focus on activities that does not result in publications like instructing undergraduates, may find themselves out of contentions for many teaching positions. It is due to these reasons that there is an immense pressure to publish. The phrase “Publish or perish” initially coined by Coolidge [1] in 1932 is now becoming a harsh reality.

The small microwave skin depth of sea water as well as the small penetration depth of laser signal in water impose limitations on the application of SAR and Lidar in sea surveillance systems. On the other hand, vessels travelling at sea bring about hydrodynamic anomalies in the sea water called as wake. These hydrodynamic disturbances can be detected by using some techniques such as airborne radio imaging and Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) electromagnetic signal processing. In practice, the motion of conductive sea water anomalies in the natural earth's magnetic field induces ELF magnetic wakes which can be measured via accurate magnetic sensors and detected through signal processing schemes. The physical properties of the hydrodynamic wake as well as those relating to the corresponding magnetic wake are directly related to the vessel parameters such as hull shape, speed and Heading. In this work, we firstly derive and formulate the mathematical expressions relating to the aforementioned hydrodynamic and magnetic wakes. By employing derived expressions, a novel detection scheme is proposed based on constructing the 2-dimentional image of the vessel’, s magnetic wake through the magnetic signals captured from an array of magnetic sensors, and finally, the relation between the spectral image of the magnetic wake and the vessel Heading is studied. We will show that our proposed scheme can detect the existence of a remote vessel as well as its Heading from the constructed image with high accuracy, and moreover, it does not have common limitations of existing single-sensor based Heading detection schemes.

Leading a criminal gang is one of the personalized factors of aggravation of the punishment. It means that the legislator aggravates the punishment of the some perpetrators which have such a personalized factor. Note 2 of the article 130 of the Iranian Islamic Penal Code refers to the examples of leading a gang, without defining leading a gang. According to it Leadership is defined as forming, or planning, or organizing or directing a criminal gang. So it seems that a criminal gang could have more than one leader. For example, one of them forms, the other one plans, and the third one organizes and the fourth one directs the criminal gang. Typically, planning is prior to other forms of leadership. It seems that a leader orders others and they obey his orders. It is noteworthy that the committed crime by the members of the gang should be in line to the gang aims, otherwise it could not be regarded as a crime committed by the gang. The current paper is going to answer the following questions: what is the substance of leading a gang? Aiding and abetting or accomplishment? Is it necessary for the leader to participate in material element (actus reus) of the crime? How the punishment determined for members influences the punishment of the leader? What does an organized criminal gang mean? The method of research is an analytical one.

Background and Aim: During Heading, soccer players purposefully hit the ball with an unprotected head. Heading can lead to a wide range of nervous system disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the symptoms of centeral nervous system (CNS) disorder caused by Heading.Materials and Methods: The 2w-HeadCount Questionnaire was used to count the number of head-to-ball kicks. Collected data from 52 football players (30 U-21 players with a mean age of 19.21±1.10 and a mean experience of 4.37±1.03 years and 22 retired footballers with a mean age of 44.59±1.22 and a mean experience of 18.14±1.81 years) were compared.Results: From 16660 exposure sessions per year (training and matches), 89384 Headings and 249 symptoms of CNS disorder were observed. The results showed that the incidence rate was 90.62 Heading per 1000 hours exposure. Defenders reported the highest number of Heading. The number of Heading per year was not significantly different between play positions (P=0.698). The incidence of head impacts was 0.55 in match and 0.45 in training (0.82 mild and 0.18 moderate and higher severity). Retirees have experienced more of these symptoms in match and U-21 in practice. The incidence of head injuries due to non-Heading mechanisms was significantly different between U-21 and retired footballers (P=0.00).Conclusion: The results showed that the incidence rate of Heading technique in Iranian footballers is high. It is estimated that Iranian footballers perform Heading above the concussion threshold. Therefore, the need to implement restrictive guidelines in young footballers is suggested.

In this paper the feasibility of rapid alignment and calibration of a static strapdown inertial navigation system (INS) is evaluated. Resting conditions including zero-velocity update and a known initial Heading direction as virtual external measurement data are integrated with INS data. By comparing the virtual external measurements with the estimates of those generated by the aligning INS, estimates of the velocity and Heading errors can be obtained and these errors will be propagated in the INS as a result of alignment inaccuracies. An extended Kalman filter based on an augmented process model and a measurement model is designed to estimate alignment attitudes and biases of inertial sensors. Monte Carlo simulation results show that the integration of INS with rest conditions is very effective in rapid and fine leveling and azimuth alignment of INS, but this type of data fusion due to poor acceleration and angular rates of static condition has no chance of valuable calibration of all inertial sensor biases.

The standard approach for repair of type A aortic dissection includes repair or replacement of the aortic valve, the ascending aorta and the arch, alone or in combination with direct vision under hypothermic circulatory arrest. Although type A dissection usually extends into the distal thoracoabdominal aorta, the descending thoracic aorta is usually left alone. During the follow-up, surgeons will sequentially and periodically evaluate the patients looking for aneurysmal dilatation of the untreated aorta for an eventual late open surgical or endovascular repair. Surgery of the aorta continues to be a surgical challenge. Aortic disease and surgery are dynamic as new ideas are continuously brought up in terms of surgical approach, extension of repair and characterization of patients. Technology also plays an important role nowadays. Since the early days of high-porosity vascular grafts, until today where vascular grafts are being coated with albumin or collagen, results have ramatically changed in terms of control of hemorrhage and related intraoperative death. The inception of endovascular therapy seems to change the perception of patients suffering from descending thoracic aortic aneurysms and chronic dissections.1 Acute type B dissections are still a matter of concern regardless of the attempted therapy. Type A dissection routinely involves the aortic arch. Operation-related morbidity and mortality is still high. Some questions are still unanswered; like the need of performing complex combined resections of the arch and how to treat the descending aorta. To save the patient first has always been our major surgical standard and we believe this must always be priority in the critical decision-making process. Here we will have a quick look at evolving concepts, ideas and technologies, asking some questions for the near future.

In this paper, a method for improving the performance of Complementary filter in the Attitude and Heading Reference System for estimating the orientation in accelerated movements is presented. Although existing complementary filters have advantages such as low computational volume, stability in different dynamic conditions, effectiveness at low sampling rates, and simplicity in the parameter setting process,But in the situation where the mobile device is exposed to non-gravitational accelerations, they show inappropriate performance. The proposed algorithm is designed based on the threshold-based path selection method and by adjusting the gain of complementary filters according to the size of the external acceleration, it improves the estimation of angles. In the following, the proposed algorithm is compared with the Extended Kalman filter and its three adaptive versions. The simulation and evaluation results of the proposed method show that the improved complementary filters achieve good performance in accelerated movements compared to the AEKF in the direction and alignment reference system.