Background: Obesity is a widespread public health concern with a growing global prevalence, leading to an increased risk of chronic metabolic conditions. Despite this, research on the impact of exercise and supplementation on inflammatory factors in obese individuals is limited. Objective: This study evaluates the effects of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) and Thylakoid supplementation on INTERLEUKINS-1beta and interleukin-8 levels in obese individuals. Methods: In this study, 44 obese men were allocated into four groups: control (C), Thylakoid supplement (T), HIFT (H), and a combination of supplements and exercise (HT). Participants followed the HIFT exercise protocol for 12 weeks, while those in the supplement groups received Thylakoid supplement for the same duration. Body mass index, inflammatory biomarkers were assessed through blood samples before and after the 12-week intervention. Results: In these groups, H, T, and HT, the levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-1beta and interleukin-8 were compared. In the case of interleukin-8 a significant difference was observed in the H and HT groups compared to the T group. Also, significant decrease in interleukin-1beta level was observed in all groups, H, T, and HT, compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Interestingly, the mentioned factors in both H and HT groups also showed a significant difference (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that the HIFT protocol and the use of thylakoid supplements can reduce systemic inflammatory indicators in obese men by showing a synergy effect. Therefore, HIFT exercise with thylakoid supplements can be considered an effective way to reduce inflammation in obese people.

Background: Biochemical markers including INTERLEUKINS (ILs) has been proposed for early diagnosis of asphyxia. Objective: This study has aimed to systematically review the significance of IL measurements in the diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases before 2017 were searched for the following keywords: asphyxia, neonatal, interleukin, and diagnosis. A total of 13 out of 300 searched papers were finally selected for evaluation. INTERLEUKINS under study were IL6 and interleukin 1𝛽 (IL-1𝛽 ). INTERLEUKINS had been measured in 10 studies by serum samples, 2 studies by samples of Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF), and 1 study by sample of umbilical cord blood. The inclusion criteria were: studies on neonates, with adequate information from the test results and studies using markers other than ILs to detect asphyxia; however, studies with only abstracts available were excluded. Results: Research on the issue suggests that IL6 > 41 Pg/dl has the sensitivity of 84. 88% and the specificity of 85. 43%, whereas IL-1𝛽 > 4. 7 Pg/dl has the sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 83% in the diagnosis of neonatal asphyxia. Among diagnostic ILs for neonatal asphyxia, combination of IL6 and IL-1𝛽 had the highest sensitivity, that is, 92. 9%. Conclusion: IL6 and IL-1𝛽 of serum samples were used in the early diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia and are useful predictors for the outcomes of perinatal asphyxia and its intensity. In addition, simultaneous evaluation of IL-1𝛽 and IL6 can improve the sensitivity of the early diagnosis of perinatal asphyxia.

Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been suggested in the pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS), with conflicting results. This study was performed to identify alteration of different serum INTERLEUKINS (ILs) in children with INS, and their predictive value in response to steroid treatment. Three groups of children (27; steroid-sensitive INS, 21; steroid-resistant INS, and 19 healthy controls) with normal serum C3, negative serologic tests of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immune deficiency virus (HIV), and parasitic infections were included in this study. Serum concentrations of IL-1β , IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, and IL18 were measured, using quantitative colorimetric sandwich ELISA kits. Children with secondary nephrotic syndrome, inflammations, systemic disorders, and chronic kidney disease were excluded. The serum concentration of all ILs; except IL-13 and IL-18; was significantly higher in children with INS, compared with the healthy controls. Serum IL-2 had the highest sensitivity of (95. 24%) in patients with INS. All of the serum ILs had acceptable accuracy in children with INS, compared with the control group. The serum concentration of IL-1β , IL-6, and IL-8 was significantly higher in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS), compared with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). All of these ILs had acceptable accuracy for the prediction of steroid response in patients with INS. Our findings suggested the pathogenic role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in children with INS, of which IL-1β , IL-6, and IL-8 were accurate biomarkers for the prediction of steroid response in these patients.