As the primary scholarly reference for Western researchers delving into the Quran, Islamic studies, and the lives of prophets and imams, the Encyclopaedia of Islam is invaluable. Nonetheless, a thorough evaluation of the articles and research contained within is essential to determining their credibility and scholarly consistency. Studying and examining the works of Orientalists about the Qur'an, Islamic sciences, and teachings is an undeniable thing for Muslims. Considering the position of Imam Ali (AS) as the first Imam of the Shias and his superior position in the beliefs of the Shias, orientalists have studied various aspects of his life in their studies and have presented two completely different points of view: A positive and optimistic perspective resulting from Western scholars' study of authoritative texts that explains and praises His scientific approach to interpretation, law, politics, jurisprudence, rhetoric, and more. The negative perspective resulting from a biased viewpoint and the failure to utilise authentic Muslim sources ultimately leading to skeptical opinions regarding the exalted character of Imam Ali (AS). The majority of the articles in this book stem from the intellectual efforts of Western researchers, but regrettably, their lack of access to reference sources has resulted in serious errors. In this research, using the library method through an analytical and critical approach, we will examine the work of Robert Gleave, an impartial and positive orientalist, about Imam Ali (AS) and then examine and criticize the doubts raised by him. In conclusion, the results of the research indicated that Orientalists' lack of access to authentic Islamic sources, coupled with their prejudice and partiality, led to their inability to correctly introduce this Imam to Western society.

In this summary, there is an effort to explain the concept of worship one and oneness in Islam and Sikhism. Sikhism is the youngest of the world religions and the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in the Punjab area of India in the fifteenth century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam. A Sikh believes (EK ONKAAR) there is only One God.IK ONKAAR the most significant word used in the Sikh teachings. But believe in one God in Sikhism is the same Muslim's believe? However, some believe that the first part of this statement of faith (La ilaha illa' Llah), expresses the absolute monotheism which is inherent in Islam “There is no god other than God." This is the essence of the Muslim profession of faith (shahadah). Pronouncement of the Islamic creed, the Shahadah, is the supreme religious act. Its mere recitation suffices for an entry into the "community of the believers." this is also rejection of polytheism, the destruction of idols, and the witness given to the one and unique God, the Lord and Creator of all that exists? (Mircea, Eliade, 1987: 26")

The importance of Islam as a norm lies in the fact that every judgment on current and group in the field of thought and beliefs in IRI is based on accurate knowing pure Islam. The necessity of studying different sides of the norm of pure Islam as a criteria and standard originates from the necessity of assessing the views of political parties and groups and every research on mental currents in contemporary Iran. In this paper, therefor, the subject has been limited as: Islam as a norm in the area of political value. In this way, the question of the paper follows as: what may be counted as the indexes of pure Islam for distinguishing Islamic true values from fusional Islam in IRI? As is described, the indexes includes: legality, structure, rights and duties.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Breastfeeding is considered as ideal nourishment because it provides more immunity for neonates. As Prophet Mohammad said: there is no milk better than mother’s milk for infants. The aim of this study was to assess the importance of breast milk from Islam’s point of view.METHODS: In this study, library method was used to gather information from valid resources such as religious books, tradition, Holy Quran and the other jurisprudence resources for collecting Islamic provisions and stories related to the importance of breast milk and now is updated.FINDINGS: The Holy Quran has emphasized to start breastfeeding and continue it for 24 months in Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 233; Surah Al-Ahqaf, Verse 15; Surah Al-Luqman, Verse 14; Surah An-Nisa, Verse 23; Surah At-Talaq, Verse 2; Surah Al-Hajj, Verse 2; Surah Al-Qasas, Verse 7 and Surah Al-Qasas, Verse 12.CONCLUSION: The results indicate that 1400 years ago, Islam emphasized on breastfeeding as the best source of nutrition.

The concept of Faith is considered to be essential and significant in the Islamic tradition. Yet, the Glorious Quran has not given a clear defintion of it. Nor has the other sacred books or Scriptures. On the one hand, it seems that sacred (heavenly) books tend not to give a literal definition of faith but lead the interlocutor in a practical way to a more comprehensive (all-embracing) understanding of faith by stating the characteristics (properties) and implications of faith in various circumstances or experiences. On the other hand, the concept of faith is not of objective or concrete nature which it is impossible to give an exemplary definition (definition by extension). In other words, faith is an abstract or 5 piritual concept. The best way of defining a concept of this kind is to make it ideational. To make a careful analysis of the nature of faith, the writer in this article seeks to cast light on this concept in semantics from the Quranic point of new

Orientalism and Islamology in the acadmic spheres of the world have always encountered by different reactions of the East. Some consider the scholars of such disciplines as the political collaborators of their respective governments in pursuing colonial purposes. Some others regard the Orientalists as adversaries. Still others, including Annemari Schimmel, believe that the East and the west are inseparable. This paper in the first place recognizes three kinds of approaches in Orientalism: the first approach to the East is based on such books as "the Arabian Nights"; the second approach is through the study of theology and Abrahamic religions, and the third one is conjoined with absorption and love, which is adopted by Schimmel. Then, it proceeds to introduce her approach to Islam and the features o her Islamic studies.

Modernity is the trait of the new world which began from the west and extended to the east. The important question here is that what the essence of modernity is and whether it is in harmony with Islam. In Descartes’s view, the essence of modernity is objectivity and in Kant’s view it is subjectivity. What intended by objectivity and subjectivity in Cartesian and Kantian philosophy is to prioritize human knowing subject by whom the existence of other existences even God is assigned. It is possible for this essence to prove God or have doubt about it or even deny it and in all of these three conditions it is not accepted in the paradigm of modernity that the divine knowing subject deals with the whatness of human being and universe and speak about the quality of their developments. Not only in modernism, but it is the case in postmodernism. All the outcomes of the modern age including philosophy, science, technology and industry, politics, security, spirituality, health, art and architecture, media and communication etc, originated from human self-centered and egoist rationality. While Islam accepts a rationality that is independent of religion, it rejects the subjectivism and emphasizes on the divine knowing subject. This does not mean an objection to all outcomes of the modern age. Islamic rationality helps the religious to deal with modern outcomes with a critical and selective attitude.