The events of Karbala have been portrayed in verse by many Persian poets, particularly Shi'ite ones. Living in the late ninth and early tenth centuries of the Islamic calendar, Mowlana Mohammad Ahli-e Shirazi is one of such poets, whose poems enriched the Persian literature with regard to the events of Karbala. In this paper, the way that he was influenced by the 'Ashoora event, his poetic style, and his reference to positive and negative figures of the. event, the nature and stars for describing the event are considered.

Elegy has a long and rooted background in Persian literature. Virtues and elegy for holy Imams, especially Imam Hossein were common during the Safavid and Qajar era. Grief poems supported by king motivated many poets and writers for poetry. One of the active but less known poets of Qajar era is Mirza Hadi Naeini who lives in 13th century. There is no detailed information about author's life. Yousofieh, Lisanuzzakirin, Muqaddamat Sittah, Anisularifin, Risale Soleymāniyyah and …are his famous works. This research studies the features of “Yūsufiyyah”written by Mirza Hadi Naeini which includes twenty chapters, dedicated to Nizamudolah“ Sadra ”. Naeini’s prose is simple and introduction is decorated with many literary arrays. The author, in Yūsufiyyah, compares and combines the story of Prophet Yusuf and events in Karbala and at the end of each chapter uses elegies for Imam Hossein and his family. Naeini, in prose and verses sections, emphasizes on supremacy of characters in Karbala, especially Imam Hossein. Reading the Naeini’s elegies is necessary for studding the development of grief poems in Iran.

The event and tragedy of Karbala promotes retaining and observing hijab and chastity even in the most critical and harshest situations. It teaches everybody that females must always observe hijab and chastity. It also emphasizes other educational factors, eg, giving advice, following up the Infallible Imam, and other religiously favorable factors.

The present study discusses "Sajda Karbala" from a stylistic approach depends on the different levels in modern linguistics field ( phonetic syntactical, structral and rhetorical in addition to the psychological aspects as means of analyse the literary text and uncovering its deep structure in which the summit lies in giving applied study to the poem. The study begins with giving a general definition to the poem and definition to the concept to stylistics, the researcher tackles the linguistic levels that emphasizes the rhythm and phonemic units and the different meanings and implicatrons associated with these. The study then shifts to tow levels, the syntactical level and grammatical level in dealing with the forms to the most prominent nouns, apart from the grammatical phenomena and constrnctions. The study then discusses the rhetorical level represented by the artistic representation and summetry. The representation depending on simile, metaphor, rhythm, apposition and assonance. In forming the artistic image in the poema formation that betray, an artistic summetry and harmony in the general structure to the poem.

Poor glycemic control among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has a direct impact on cognitive functions that may lead to impairment of their school performance and attendance. A cross-sectional study was conducted among children with T1DM in several places in Iraq. The study was conducted to identify the impact of poor glycemic control on the school performance of the children. Data were gathered through interviews, medical records, and blood samples. The study considered demographic information (age, sex, education level, residence, occupation, and parents' education) and disease variables (onset, duration, complications, hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, hospitalization, blood sugar level, self-monitoring, and regular clinic visits). The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 22, with chi-square tests and logistic regression. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. All patients with T1DM from the registries of the diabetes center in Karbala Teaching Hospital for Children. This study involved total 188 confirmed T1DM patients who lived in Karbala and registered in Diabetic Center in Karbala Teaching Hospital for Children, aged less than 15 years from June to August, 2019. 52.7% of them female and 70% of the students lived in the urban area. 62% of the mothers and 44.7% of the fathers completed primary school. 91% of the mothers were housewives and 96% of employed fathers. 31.9% of patients had controlled diabetes (HBA1c < 6.5%). 26.8% had a hypoglycemia history. A lack of blood glucose self-monitoring was the sole factor of poor glycemic control. Children with disease duration of more than 6 years and poor glycemic control were negatively affected in terms of school performance.

The ransom theory of the martyrdom of Imam Hussain (pbuh) is briefly based on the idea that the martyrdom of Imam Hussain (pbuh) was the requirement of a covenant, made prior to the creation of the sensible world between God and him, on the basis of which the sins of the shias will ultimately be expiated. This interpretation that was elaborated in detail for the first time in the Qajar era by some of the Shi’i clergies, recently has emerged again in the Iranian discursive sphere after the Islamic revolution of 1979. In past ages, specifically during the Constitutional revolution (Enghelab-e Mashruteh) and Islamic revolution, this interpretation had been criticized strongly by the political discourse of the Karbala event, however at least just such criticisms witnessed to the partial popularity of ransom interpretation among the shi’i mass. It seems that the unprecedented transformations which has occurred in form of popular religiosity during past two decades as well as modifications in hegemonic political discourse in I.R. Iran corroborate the correlation between these changes and the reemergence of the ransom theory of the martyrdom of Imam Hussain (pbuh).This article claims that the second generation of ransom theories in Iran usually tends to depoliticize the shiah understanding of the Karbala event along with neglecting the social reality of the sacred symbols and ideas. Moreover such theories were grounded on a strongly individualistic apperception of religion and religious life. Therefore, this article supports the claim that the aforementioned tendency in ransom theories, is related to the growing “religious individualism” and the other modifications that lead the traditional forms of religiosity in Iran to a kind of “religious neo-pragmatism”. On the other hand, the alterations which has occurred in political discourse of I.R. Iran parallel to the consolidation of its political sovereignty and the beginning of the post-revolutionary era, paved the way for some scholars and intellectuals to distance from political-revolutionary interpretation of Karbala event.

Background: The aim of this research was to evaluate halophilic bacterial diversity in Lake Razazeh as regards this is the first report on halophilic bacteria isolation in Iraq.Methods: Samples of saline soils, mud and water were collected from 15 locations of Lake Razazeh with distance of 4 km from each other. Halophiles were isolated by saline nutrient broth enrichment. The growth was diluted 10 times and plated on complete medium agar with a salt gradient of 2.5 percent. Cultures were incubated at pH 7-7.5 and 37oC during 7 days given that all medium were controlled every day. Gram staining was carried out as a routine initial procedure in the identification of unknown bacterial species.Results: Two hundred and eighteen isolates were selected from isolation plates, which were named K1-K218. There were 161 gram-positive rod and cocci and 57 gram-negative rods. More than fifty strains were isolated using the morphological differences based on visible examination of the growth characteristics, and were used for further analysis. Also, 15 protozoa, 3 algae, 5 fungi and yeast were observed in the culture medium. It was found that the bacteria diversity in different media varied considerably so that only one type of bacteria grow in the 3 medium which likely showed these three bacteria are antibiotic-containing. About two third of the isolates were halotolerant and only eighteen isolates grew at NaCl concentrations greater than 17.5%.Conclusion: The data presented here show that despite drought, dehydration, increased concentrations of salts and contaminants, Lake Razazeh near Karbala represents an untapped source of halophilic bacteria biodiversity.

One of the major problems of the Muslim community in the first century was the formation of extremist streams(Takfiris) that Sometimes appeared in the first century AH. A scrutiny at the history of Islam reveals that these groups were exposed to Islam for their ignorance and misunderstanding. Repealing them is obligatory on the basis of Intellectual logic and Sharia. Research in this area is incomplete and weak in analysis and citation. In this paper, extremist streams is studied, Causes and its results, in the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) course with emphasis on Karbala. The research method is historical which is done using the main sources of Islamic. Approach Ahl al-Bayt (AS) was daring against these movements. They rejected the extremist movements and their intellectual foundations. They argued them on the basis of the Qur'an, Sirah and Sharia. they know how method of dealing and confront with them. According to this study, extremist currents were active in Karbala. The results show that false understanding of the Islam, preconception, and ignorant nervousness led extreme currents. They arrived heavy impact in the Islamic community. So, God has promised, Ahl al-Bayt said, and history testifies, it is a complete loss and avoidance of divine mercy and being in the path of God's punishment.

Background: Man-made radionuclides, which are present in environment, have been created by human activities and added to the inventory of natural radionuclides for example 3H, 131I, 129I, 137Cs, 90Sr and 239Pu, in spite of the amount added is little compared to natural quantities. The aim of this study is to estimate the levels of radiological doses in the soil samples collected from different locations in Kerbala city, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Thirty soil samples were collected from different sites of Karbala city and gamma-ray spectroscopy system with NaI (Tl) "1. 5×2" detector in low-background and 24 hours used to achieve the results. Results: The average values of absorbed gamma-ray dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent and annual gonadal dose equivalent were found to be 14. 09± 0. 32, 19. 59± 0. 39 and 112. 81± 2. 25 respectively. The average values of gamma representative level index and external hazard index resulting from natural radionuclides for all samples in the study area were 0. 25± 0. 005 and 0. 09± 0. 002 respectively. Conclusion: The obtained results in current work were compared with some results of soil samples in literature over the world. They do not exceed the upper limit calculated by UNSCEAR reports.

A lot has been said about ‘ Ashura. That's the question what equipment and weapons were used in that event. It seems like these weapons was not common in Medina and Mecca. This article using historical method is trying to show how these weapons were. The name of the equipment, such as the beam, the sword, the spear, is abundant in the Hussein’ s camp. Based on historical sources this article has noticed different aspects of this problem and is about to show that Hussain ibn Ali and his companions from Medina, only had weapons such as swords, common in traveling at that time. Other weapons were brought to the battle by those who joined them later.