“LIBERTY” and “fatherland” are regarded as the main conceptions of Mashrooteh poem. Malek. ol. shoaraye bahar, Aref qazvini, Mirzadeh eshqi, Iraj mirza and Farokhi yazdi are of the most famous characters of Mashrooteh period literature that paid attention more than others to LIBERTY and Fatherland conceptions. Even after Mashrooteh establishment, these poets endeavored to establish its ideals, to combat the degenerated traditions and aristocratic class gaps. They were the honest sons of their own age and they had comprehended the social problems and needs of enlightenment period in a way that they should, and they recited them in their poems with clairvoyance, and discoursed on desires of lower class people and middle class people of cities with a simple and effective language.Two main indicators of their poems were patriotism and liberalism, and they knew how to attain law and justice in the shade of attaining LIBERTY. Although their comprehensions of such conceptions were somehow different: in Bahar’s viewpoint, LIBERTY and Fatherland for the most part meant independence wanting, in Aref and Eshqi’s viewpoints LIBERTY and Fatherland mostly meant combating traditions’ elements, combating dictatorship and building a flourishing and free fatherland. In Iraj mirza’s viewpoint it meant combating aristocracy and protecting painstaking people, and Farokhi’s viewpoint mostly had taken effect from notions of communal society as well as social liberties and stay within the law.By the way, the venerability of these poets was in their honesty, confidance, being socialize and having pure notions. In this article the mentioned cases have been studied and evaluated quantitatively by analyses and comparing poems and pieces of writings, and also by making use of the main resources related to life, poem and their notions.

Virtues have the main rule in managing Social and Political Life; hence, the following question is important: If there be an opposition between different Virtues, which one should-or could-be preferred? In this paper, author tries to analyze the relationship between LIBERTY and Security, and suggest two models in this regard. This two models developed by Islamic-Iranian discourse can be labeled Negative and positive.Security is the main virtue in Negative Model but LIBERTY is the major one, in the Positive Model. Therefore, author has designed a complex model which is biased on two different principles: Power (in negative model) and Satisfaction (in positive model).

Can the LIBERTY of property be considered as a general and independent clause in the Sale contract? How do Shi’ite and Sunni scholars and Iranian legal system deal with this problem? Some Imamite scholars consider LIBERTY of property as a general and independent clause, but others, taking it as a general clause, interpret it an independent clause provided that there is no preventive law but they do not consider it a genuine one .The third group of scholars have rejected its conditionality, generality and genuineness and consider that only the existence of some specific preventive rights prevents from the validity and effectiveness of the sale. The current Iranian statutory law follows the latter jurisprudential view. Those Sunni scholars working on this topic question the genuineness of the subject, and their interpretation is based only on the condition that the property is fully owned, or having a full control over its delivery, or finally in the condition that the preventive rights are missing. The author believes that specific evidence explaining the preventive rights (such as in Waqf or rent/mortgage) doesn’t represent the general clause; on the other hand, selling a non-free property has reasonable effects and interests, and a reasonable man would not avoid such dealings; therefore, there’s no proof to refute it. As a result, there would be no room to accept the necessity of LIBERTY of sale as a general and independent clause.

The semi-liberal system is one of the innovations of the Islamic Penal Code of 1392, which has followed the changes in the criminal sciences in Western countries and in response to the shortcomings of imprisonment, has been incorporated into our country's criminal system. In this criminal institution, the convict spends some of his / her sentence period outside the prison's harmful environment with the aim of accelerating the process of rehabilitation and correction, as well as reducing the adverse consequences of imprisonment. This penal institution, like other penal beneficial although imported institutions, faces challenges despite all its constructive consequences. Legal challenges (lack of judicial procedure, ambiguity in enforcement, issuing authority, necessity or non-necessity of request by the convicted person, its connection with other penal institutions, dominance of criminal system imprisonment, less credibility to the criminal arbitrary institutions and also exclusion of some crimes from the scope of this criminal institution) and the extrajudicial that is divided into two categories of criminology (the challenge of the conventional functions of the criminal justice system and the post-release challenges of imprisonment in the semi-liberal system) as well as the executive aspects(lack of efficient and credible manpower and tending to the imprisonment of judges) are of high importance. This research, using a descriptive- analytical method, seeks to identify the most important challenges and offer appropriate solutions to them to the officials of the Iranian criminal justice system.

Deprivation of LIBERTY of children and adolescents are manifested in the form of keeping them in correctional centers. As the title suggests, juveniles in conflict with the law are kept with the aim of reforming and treating them Therefore, it is completely in line with the primary and main goals of the criminal justice system for children and adolescents. The main purpose of enforcing enforcement and punishment in dealing with juvenile delinquency is to correct, educate and rehabilitate them, and above all, to try criminal justice measures to rehabilitate and prepare the individual to return to society. Rehabilitation of children and adolescents in conflict with the law is one of the most important issues in the criminal policy of a legal system. It should be considered through extra-legislative, legislative and sub-legislative regulations, according to future-oriented, reformist and education-oriented approaches, its decriminalization, in such a way that, on the one hand, the children and adolescents will be able to return to the family and community environment, and on the other hand, it will prevent them and the community from various harms caused by committing crimes. In this article, by using the library-document method and descriptive analysis, an attempt was made to investigate the effects of the rehabilitation system's approach with the aim of supporting children and adolescents in Iran's legal system, with emphasis on international documents.

One hundred years ago, the political developments occurred in Iran which affected many affairs, including changes in content of writings and poetry. The most important feature of the poetry of constitutional era is the difference in the kind of poets' insight about the realities that has led to new themes of which is the concept of LIBERTY which can help the correct understanding of the message of poetry in this era. Liberal poets at that time had their own ideas and frequently admired freedom and patriotism; and because of wide awareness of Iran's past, their excitement and emotional fascination toward Iran were the panegyrists about freedom and homeland. Some poets were submitted to the political conditions in this period and involved politics in their poetry and sometimes had a direct impact on stimulating people to choose the form of government. In this article, the concept of freedom in poetry of some Mashrooteh liberal poets with respect to instances of their poetry is examined.

The subject of this article is to deliberate Locke and Spinoza’ s arguments for LIBERTY and toleration. In order to achieve this, first i have defined and clarified the two main concepts of this project; toleration and LIBERTY. Then I have discussed the context which causes initiation of defending toleration and LIBERTY in modern ages while discussing the defending theories for religious and political violence in brief. After these, Spinoza’ s arguments supporting for toleration and LIBERTY are presented in detail and next, John Lock’ s arguments are expressed. In the end, the regard of these two philosophers’ arguments defending toleration and LIBERTY alongside the arguments defending religious and political violence has been deliberated. I have tried to show that which argument defending toleration takedown which principle defending religious or political violence.