This research was conducted to study the length-weight and length-length relationships and condition factor of six cyprinid fish species viz. Alburnus atropatena, Barbus lacerta, Capoeta capoeta, Carrasius gibelio, Romanogobio macropterus and Pseudorasbora parva from Zarrineh River (Urmia Lake basin, Iran). A total of 188 specimens ranging from 2. 9 to 21. 4cm in total length and 0. 22 to 176g in total weight were collected. Based on the results, the values of b varied between 2. 59 for C. capoeta, to 3. 26 for A. atropatenae. All length-weight relationships were significant (P<0. 001), with r2 greater than 0. 88. The condition factor were found to be between 0. 075± 0. 244 for C. capoeta to 1. 021± 0. 143 for C. gibelio. The length-length relations between total length, fork length, and standard length for the six fish species were highly significant (r2>0. 98). All linear regressions were highly significant (P<0. 05).

Solar radiation (Rs) is one of the most input parameters in hydrological models and crop growth. Despite its importance for many cases but Rs measurements are not easily available due to the cost, maintenance and calibration requirements of the measuring equipment. Over the past decades, many researchers have developed various equations and none linear models for accurately estimating RS from meteorological parameters. In this study, daily maximum and minimum air temperature, relative humidity, extraterrestrial radiation and actual sunshine duration values from 1992 to 12001 for Kermanshah synoptic station, were used as inputs. In first stage, the measured Rs data were investigated to control errors and inconsistencies. After quality control test appropriate combination and dataset requiring for training nonlinear model and calibrating empirical equations were determined by using gamma test (GT). Based on GT finding, appropriate combination consists of all input parameters and dataset was needed to training Local Linear Regression (LLR), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and empirical equations equal to1300 datasets. The LLR and ANN with two learning methods (Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) and Conjugate Gradient (SCG)) models based on gamma test have been implemented and compared with eight locally calibrated empirical RS equations. The comparisons have been based on statistical error criteria, using measured daily RS values. The results indicate that nonlinear model have high accuracy than empirical equation and ANN (LM) with R2 equal 0.9599 and RMSE and MAPE 1.4213 MJ.m-2.d-1 and 6.7616 percent respectively has minimum error.

Background: Applying the MIRD assumption of a 1000g lung mass it is estimated that 3.0 GBq of 90Y SIR-spheres in a patient with 20% mean liver-to-lung shunt ratio will receive a mean lung dose of approximately 30 Gy. The objective was to assess the variability in the patient-specific lung mass of our patients going for 90Y radioembolization. To assess the differences between the liver-to-lung ratios (LLR) estimated by planar scintigraphy and SPECT/CT.Material and Methods: Seventy five patients underwent hepatic angiogram and 99mTc MAA injection for assessment of hepatic vasculature and dosimetry. Planar and SPECT/CT images were obtained to derive the LLR. Specific lung masses were derived from CT morphometry.Results: Planar scintigraphy slightly overestimated the SPECT/CT LLR by an average of 2.09%. The mean lung mass in our patient population is 690g (726.3g for males, 564.9g for females) therefore the MIRD lung mass overestimates the mean lung mass by 310g.Conclusion: Lung morphometry derived from SPECT/CT data achieves patient-specific dosimetry for safer radioembolization.

Background and Aim: Auditory neuropathy (AN) can be diagnosed by abnormal auditory brainstem response (ABR), in the presence of normal cochlear microphonic (CM) and otoacoustic emissions (OAEs). The aim of this study was to investigate the ABR and other electrodiagnostic test results of six patients suspicious to AN with problems in speech recognition.Materials and Methods: this cross sectional study was conducted on 6 AN patients with different ages evaluated by pure tone audiometry, speech discrimition score (SDS), immittance audiometry, electrocochleography, ABR, middle latancy response (MLR), late latency response (LLR), and OAEs. Results: Behavioral pure tone audiometric tests showed moderate to profound hearing loss. SDS was so poor which is not in accordance with pure tone thresholds. All patients had normal tympanogram but absent acoustic reflexes. CMs and OAEs were within normal limits. There was no contralateral suppression of OAEs. None of cases had normal ABR or MLR although LLR was recorded in 4.Conclusion: All patients in this study are typical cases of auditory neuropathy. Despite having abnormal input, LLR remains normal that indicates differences in auditory evoked potentials related to required neural synchrony. These findings show that auditory cortex may play a role in regulating presentation of deficient signals along auditory pathways in primary steps.

2Background: The use of artificial intelligence algorithms to help with accurate diagnosis in medical images is one of the most important applications of this technology in the field of medical imaging. In this research, the possibility of replacing simple chest radiography instead of CT scan using machine learning models to detect pneumothorax was investigated in cases where CT is usually requested. Methods: This study is analytical and was conducted from November 2022 to May 2023 at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. The data used in this research was extracted from the files of 350 patients suspected of pneumothorax. The collected images were pre-processed in MATLAB software. Then, three machine learning algorithms, including Logistic elastic net regression (LENR), Logistic lasso regression (LLR) and Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) were used. To evaluate the performance of these models, the criteria of precision, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), F1 score, and misclassification were used. Results: In the AdaBoost model, the accuracy value in radiographic and CT images was calculated as 98.89% and 98.63%, respectively, and the precision value was calculated as 99.17% and 98.27%, respectively. In radiographic images, the AUC value for AdaBoost model was calculated as 100% and in CT scan images as 96.96%. The F1 score for the same model in radiographic was 99% and in CT images was 98.68%. The specificity value for the AdaBoost model was calculated as 99.45% in radiographic images and 94.67% in CT scan images. In the LLR model, the AUC value for radiographic and CT scan images was 99.87% and 99.02%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the criteria evaluated in the present study, two LLR and AdaBoost models have similar performance in radiographic and CT images in terms of pneumothorax detection ability, so that this complication can also be diagnosed with high precision level using machine learning techniques on the radiographic images and thus receiving higher levels of radiation doses due to CT scan can be avoided in these patients.

This study describes the length-weight (LWR), length-length (LLR) relationship and condition factor in the farmed rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss).The number of 100 three years old male and female brood stock were collected from Research center of genetic and breeding of coldwater fishers, Yasouj, Iran and they were anesthetized for measurement of morphometric characters. The length and weight were measured using measuring board digital balance respectively. The coefficient of determination r2 as well as correlation (r) coefficient of length-weight and length-length relationship was high between the two parameters in male, female and combined sexes. The b value was below 3.0 in both female and male and showed an allometric growth pattern. The average of Fulton's condition factor in male and female was 1.3210 and 1.1926 respectively. The present investigation indicated that the growth rate is quite satisfactory provide the initial data on length- weight, length- length and condition factor of farmed rainbow trout broodstocks in Iran.

The present study reports Length-weight and length-length parameters for six fish species belonging to four families from the Zohreh River. The weight-length relationships were estimated using the equation W=aLb. The values of the slope parameter (b) varied between 2.72 and 3.72, witha mean±SD of 3.015±0.18. The values b parameter in the length-weight relationship equations were calculated as 2.72 for Arabibarbus grypus (Heckel, 1843), 2.96 for Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843), 2.72 for Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843), 3.25 for Aphanius dispar (Rüppell, 1829), 2.91 for Sillago sihama (Forsskål, 1775) and 3.15 for Glyptothorax silviae Coad, 1981. This study presents the first reference on LWR and LLR for these species in Zohreh River

Present study describes the length-weight (LWR) and length-length (LLR) relationships of a freshwater catfish Eutropiichthyes vacha Hamilton from Indus River, Sindh, Pakistan. A total of 281 specimen of E. vacha were collected from fisherman’s catch from February 2005 to January 2006, are used for this study.The parameters a and b of the length-weight relationship were calculated as W= aLb are presented.The values for allometric coefficient b of the LWR were close to isometric value for male (b=3.159) and combined values for both sexes (b=3.053). However, it suggested negative allometric growth for females (b=2.973). Results for LLRs indicated that these are highly correlated (r2 > 0.9) P< 0.0001.

Perception of concurrent sounds such as speech in the presence of noise is one of the auditory challenges in many disorders such as auditory processing disorders, hearing loss, learning disabilities, autism, etc. in children, adults, and the elderly. Objective examination of concurrent sound perception is possible using object-related negativity (ORN) electrophysiological assessments. This wave can be recorded in the range of N1 and P2 late latency responses (LLR). The stimuli used to obtain this wave are dichotic pitch, spatial differences, simulated echoes, asynchronous at the onset, and mistuned harmonics. This wave can be detected in the frontocentral part of the brain, and since it has not yet been completely studied in various disorders, we recommend it in objective studies in future research as well as clinical and rehabilitation monitoring.

In this paper, a low complexity iterative multi-user receiver for the coded MC-FH-CDMA system, is considered, which has been introduced in [1]. The structure of the proposed receiver consists of a Multi-User Likelihood Calculator (MULe) and a bank of SISO channel decoders, one for each active user. Based on the received signal and a priori information about code bits, provided by 5150 decoders in the previous iteration, MULC computes the extrinsic information of the coded symbols of active users in the form of a Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR). This information is used by channel decoders as a priori information to compute an update of LLRs. The processing proceeds in an iterative manner, similar to the decoding of turbo codes. The performance of the proposed receiver is evaluated in AWGN channels. The numerical results show that the new receiver significantly improves system performance, compared to the conventional single user receiver.