In this research, new Lithium ion conductor glass-ceramics with NASICON-type structure (Li1+x+yAlxCryGe2-x-y (PO4)3, x+y=0.5) were synthesized using melt-quenching method and converted to glass-ceramics through heat treatment. Influence of addition of different concentrations of aluminum and chromium in LiGe2(PO4)3 glass-ceramic was investigated for ionic conduction improvement. Substitution of Ge4+ions in NASICON structure by Al3+ and Cr3+ions induced more Li+ions in A2 vacant sites to obtain charge balance and also changed the unit cell parameters. These two factors led to ionic conductivity improvement of synthesized glass-ceramics. The glass-ceramics were characterized and the amorth structures were investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Complex Impedance Spectroscopy (CIS). The highest Lithium ion conductivity of 8.82´10-3 S/cm was obtained for x=0.4 and y=0.1 (Li1.5Al0.4Cr0.1Ge1.5 (PO4)3) crystallized at 850oC for 8 h with minimum activation energy of 0.267 eV.

The use of Lithium-ion batteries in electronic devices is growing rapidly. As a result, the demand for the consumption of Lithium metal has increased. Although spent Lithium-ion batteries contain sources of precious metals, they seriously threaten human health and the environment. Therefore, the recovery of Lithium-ion batteries may prevent environmental pollution. The hydrometallurgy method was applied as the recovery process due to its high recovery efficiency, low energy consumption, and high reaction rate. It is widely used in the recycling process of spent Lithium-ion batteries. In this research, instead of all reports concerning synthetic wastewater, industrial wastewater containing Lithium was used as feed. Effective parameters on Lithium recovery in the form of Lithium carbonate and its purity were the initial mass of solution to final mass of solution or concentration ratio, the mole ratio of sodium carbonate to Lithium sulfate, raffinate usage, and the cooling effects. Results showed that the optimum condition to achieve maximum purity and recovery of Lithium carbonate was obtained at a concentration ratio of 15-20. At different tests with the mole ratio of sodium carbonate to Lithium sulfate as 1, 1.5, and 2, the highest recovery efficiency was obtained at the ratio of 1.5. The use of sediment-free raffinate in the last stage also played a big role in Lithium recovery. To use the raffinate solution, the raffinate must first be removed from the saturated state of sodium sulfate. Then sodium carbonate becomes saturated in raffinate and is added to the original solution. Under the above conditions, Lithium carbonate was obtained with a purity of approximately 99% and a recovery of 65%. The combined process of evaporation with cooling was also a proper process for producing Lithium carbonate. In this state, the purity and recovery of the final product were approximately 97% and 75%, respectively.

The use of Lithium-ion batteries in electronic devices is growing rapidly. As a result, the demand for the consumption of Lithium metal has increased. Although spent Lithium-ion batteries contain sources of precious metals, they seriously threaten human health and the environment. Therefore, the recovery of Lithium-ion batteries may prevent environmental pollution. The hydrometallurgy method was applied as the recovery process due to its high recovery efficiency, low energy consumption, and high reaction rate. It is widely used in the recycling process of spent Lithium-ion batteries. In this research, instead of all reports concerning synthetic wastewater, industrial wastewater containing Lithium was used as feed. Effective parameters on Lithium recovery in the form of Lithium carbonate and its purity were the initial mass of solution to final mass of solution or concentration ratio, the mole ratio of sodium carbonate to Lithium sulfate, raffinate usage, and the cooling effects. Results showed that the optimum condition to achieve maximum purity and recovery of Lithium carbonate was obtained at a concentration ratio of 15-20. At different tests with the mole ratio of sodium carbonate to Lithium sulfate as 1, 1.5, and 2, the highest recovery efficiency was obtained at the ratio of 1.5. The use of sediment-free raffinate in the last stage also played a big role in Lithium recovery. To use the raffinate solution, the raffinate must first be removed from the saturated state of sodium sulfate. Then sodium carbonate becomes saturated in raffinate and is added to the original solution. Under the above conditions, Lithium carbonate was obtained with a purity of approximately 99% and a recovery of 65%. The combined process of evaporation with cooling was also a proper process for producing Lithium carbonate. In this state, the purity and recovery of the final product were approximately 97% and 75%, respectively.

UV–vis and photoluminescence spectra of the hydrothermally synthesized crystalline Lithium metasilicate (Li2SiO3) and Lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5) nanomaterial’s are studied. The intensity of the bands in the emission spectra increases with increasing reaction time in both compounds. The electronic band structure along with density of states calculated by the density functional theory (DFT) method indicates that Li2SiO3 and Li2Si2O5 have an indirect energy band gap of 4.575 and 4.776 eV respectively. The optical properties, including the dielectric, absorption, reflectivity, and energy loss spectra of the compounds, are calculated by DFT method and analyzed based on the electronic structures.

Background: Lithium is used mainly for the treatment of Bipolar Disorder (BD). Case reports and several retrospective studies have demonstrated possible teratogenicity, but the data in different studies is inconclusive. The risk for cardiovascular malformations, particularly Ebstein's anomaly and other congenital abnormalities have been reported.Case Presentation: A 25-year-old gravida 1, para 1 woman at 38 weeks of gestation was admitted for an elective caesarean section. She had a history of BP for which she was treated with Lithium 600mg q12h in the first trimester of pregnancy. There was no familial history of birth defects, any antenatal infection or exposure to any other medications, alcohol, smoking, or X-rays. A baby boy (3500g) was born. After 2 to 3 hours respiratory distress clinical picture and chest radiograph suggested diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Repair of his diaphragm was preformed and patient discharged after 12 days.Conclusion: Lithium probably produces a defect in normal development of the diaphragm and may pose specific risk for an anomaly known as congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Due to the applications of Lithium in various industries, the demand for it has increased. Seawater is a great source of Lithium, but its Lithium concentration is very low. Conventional separation methods are not effective in such low concentrations. Using the absorption method adopted for extracting Lithium from seawater and brines with low concentration, is promising. The main problems for the practical application of Lithium-ion sieve include excessive solution use, loss of adsorption pressure, difficulty in recycling powder adsorbents and poor recycling performance. Therefore, powder adsorbents have been modified for practical application by surface modification, add magnetic properties and preparing composites of them. In this review paper, different types of Lithium-ion adsorbents, including types of ion sieve, crown ether, activated carbon, zeolite, and Lithium aluminium layered double hydroxide chloride (Li/Al LDH) have been investigated. Various methods that improve the performance of each sorbent in practical applications have been provided.

Lithium ion batteries are considered the most promising energy storage and conversion device candidates for use in future electric vehicle applications due to their ultrahigh energy density. In this study, a facile, ultrafast and green flame spray pyrolysis method was developed well to efficiently fabricate submicron-sized Lithium cobaltite spheres from an aqueous spray solution of Lithium nitrate and cobalt nitrate. Molar ratios of Lithium: cobalt in the precursor solution was altered at three different levels, viz., 1: 1, 1. 3: 1 and 1. 7: 1. Then samples obtained under same conditions were calcined. Also, sample obtained with molar ratios of Lithium: cobalt 1. 7: 1, under different conditions atmosphere was calcined. The sample calcined in oxygen atmosphere with low flow was phase pure crystalline rhombohedral Lithium cobalt oxide. Furthermore, this sample showed an acceptable performance as cathode active material of Lithium ion battery. The rechargeable capacity was 162 mAh g-1 at 0. 1 C and 101 mAh g-1 at 1 C and capacity retention of 84% after 50 cycles at this rate for this sample was observed.