This research was carried out on 48 patients aged from 12 to 67 who refered to Oral Surgery Department at Tabriz Dental school for their teeth extraction.Patients were divided into 4 groups as follow:Group A1: Patients with teeth on both sides of lower jaw to be extracted. One side, was adopted as Experimental while the other side was considered as control (Inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia or mental nerve block anesthesia).Group A2 Patients with teeth on both sides of lower jaw to be extracted, with the difference that only on one side Mod I.O.A was adopted with no injection of any kind on the other side. Group B: Patients with teeth only on one side of the lower jaw to be extracted, in which Mod I.O.A was employed.Group C: Patients, in whom inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia was failed and then Mod I.O.A was adopted for Extractions.To perform this technique, a manual terphinator was designed. Use of this device removes the need for incision of mucosa and the bone at the apex of the tooth. This is because, these tissues will be perforated. rated during the technique, with an access to spongeous bone.Results showed, the effect of the anesthetic solution in this technique is rapid, short and limited. In addition there is no relationship between the degree of anesthesia with age, sex or the kind of tooth to be extracted. In spite of the passage of the anesthetic solution from the midline, it's distribution through the bone differs among the different people.

Oral cysts are divided into two subgroups as odontogenic and non-odontogenic. One of the most common and important cysts is odontogenic keratocyst which called O.K.C. this lesion has a different nature and it is noted as a tumor lesion in recent years. This lesion most frequently appears in first and third decade of life and occurs in the posterior part of the mandibular bone. This lesion has a more extension than expansion. In this present study a case of O.K.C was presented with uncommon appearances. A 50 – year old female with history of expansion in the anterior part of mandibles was referred to the department of oral medicine, 600 NEZAJA center. Clinically, there was a bucal expansion without pain over the Teeth with crowding. Radiographic images and CT scan showed a unicystic radiolucency with teeth movement, without cortical perforation. After biopsy, the diagnosis of O.K.C was reported. Six months follow–up did not show any recurrent lesion. This article is recommended to the dentists because OKS has different clinical and radiographic findings. For this reason all cysts should be considered and evaluated.

New Page 1 Introduction: The term of idiopatic osteosclerosis (I.O) have been used to describe a localised area of radiopacity of unknown origin. The condition is usually asymptomatic and discovered on a radiograph taken for other reason. The radiopacity is variable in size, shape, outline and density. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the frequncy, age and sex distribution and anatomic location of I.O and its relation to history of extraction of decidious teeth. Materials and Methods: Standard panoramic radiographs of 917 patients(494 female & 423 male) were examined at the Department of oral and maxillofacial radiology, Yazd dental college and private clinic. The age, sex as well as the anatomic location of I.O is outlined I.O mass were observed in patients. The radiographs was studies carefully by oral radiologist and sclerosis mass place was marked then clinical examination was done. Results: In total 54 sclerosis mass in 52 mandibuls were observed According to the location of lesions premolars of lower jaws was higher than other (59.6% in female & 40.4% in male P=0.392). Most of cases were occurred in 3rd & forth decade of life (P=0.018). The most prevalence areas were premolar/ molar/ between firstmolar second premolar/ between canin & first premolar. Conclusion: According to the our finding that the most prevalence was belogned to sclerotic mass that was not related to the root, the developing theory in a cause of mass that seems to be accepted.

Introduction. The ANB angle has been recognized as a skeletal sagittal discrepancy indicator and has become the most commonly used measurement since that time. It seems this angle is affected by several factors other than the anteroposterior position of maxilla and mandible.Methods. Tracing on lateral cephalometry films was done for 110 untreated cases with class I, II, III malocclusions. regression analysis was used to describe the proportion of the distorting factors caused by usual changes in the cranial and facial skeleton. Results. ANB mean differences between malocclusion groups was significant. Regression analysis between ANB, SN/MP and SNA angles in all groups was significant. The highest coefficient of determination was found in class I sample and the lowest was found in class II sample.Discussion. The results revealed that another factors can influence of ANB angle. These factors are rotation of SN plane, the length of the SN and rotation of jaws. Thus the use of normal range for ANB angle in determination of sagittal position of maxilla and mandible is incorrect and it must substitute with accurate parameters.

Purpose: Bifid uvula is the mildest form of cleft palate. The size of the cleft may vary from minimal to complete separation of the uvula into two lobes. The prevalence is %0.3-2.2 and is greater in males than in females (M/F:2.5/1). The disturbance appears to be autosomal dominant. This developmental defect may occur in syndromes such as Marfan, Crouzon, Apert and Pierre Robin.Case Report: In this report, the patient was 29 years old man whoever referred for dental restoration and scaling. He had Bifid uvula, dome - shaped palate, malocclusion and limited movement of mandibule. He didn't have any systemic problems and syndrome.

Introduction. Occasionally over exposure or over development makes processed radiographs too dark, By reducing (Bleaching) such a radiograph whit a reducing solution the dentist can enhance the image with low diagnostic value. Methods. Mandible of a dry skull with posterior teeth, double films pocket, intera oral radiography unit, diluted solution of fixer and developer, Coppor sulfate reducer solution, automatic processing unit. A radiograph was prepared with normal exposure time from posterior region of mandibule and saved as positive control. A series of double film pocket were exposed to obtian overexposed radiographs. One film from each pocket was used as the negative control and the other was reduced by copper sulfate solution. The diagnostic quality of reduced radiographs were evaluatel in three steps: 1. By clinical evaluation of reduced radiographs. 2. By densitometry of reduced radiographs. 3. By evaluation the number of steps wedges.Results. The diagnostic quality and resolution of reduced Radiographs were increased and their contrast was decreased.Discussion. Copper sulfate reducing agent is very good solution for improving diagnostic quality of very dark radiograph and prevent reexposure of the patient.

The Caspian Sea has only two species of shrimp, the scientific names of which are Palaemon adspersus Rathke 1837 and Palaemon elegans Rathke 1837. These two species have entered the Caspian Sea from the Black Sea. In the present study, the morphological characteristics of two shrimp species, P. adspersus and P. elegans, were comparatively studied. The samples were collected from Anzali port area by 500 μ mesh size Landing net, then transferred to the marine biology laboratory in 70% ethanol for preservation and later studies. Different parts of the body as well as mouthparts were studied and examined by a stereomicroscope. Based on many photographs schematic images were drawn. The results showed that the most important morphological features used to distinguish two species from each other, the differences are in rostrum (number of teeth), telson (number of setae and the size of terminal spines), maxilla 1 (lower lacinia), mandibule (palps and dental appendages of molar and incisor), which can be used as keys to identify two species.Keywords: Morphology, Mouthparts, Shrimp, Caspian Sea

Background & Aim: Pain control in mandible surgery has become a challenge for physicians; the effects of using modern methods, such as pre-drugs with oral medicines before surgery, are still in contraversy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of preglaboline on management of postoperative pain of fracture of the mandible.Material & Method: In this clinical trial study, after ethical agreement pain management between groups who recived drug (30 patients) and did not receive drug (30 patients) was compared. After random sampling, the intervention group consumed one preglabolin capsule 300 milligrams with 50 ml of water half an hour before surgery. The severity of pain was measured and recorded in both groups during the first eight hours after surgery. Mann-U-Whitney was used to statistical analyzing.Results: Pain severity decreased in both groups over time, but pain was significantly different between two groups (P=0.001), & hours after surgery, pain severity was 1.76±0.93 and 2.96±1.21 in sample and control groups (P=0.01).Conclusion: Positive effects of pregabalin premedication on better management of pain after Mandibule surgery were observed in this study.

Background and Objectives: Tooth impaction is a frequent phenomenon, and its prevalence and distribution have significant variation in different communities. This study was done with the objective of determining the prevalence of impacted teeth and its pattern in patients referred to the selected dental clinics in Qom city.Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a total of 260 panoramic radiographs and recorded data of patients referred to 3 selected private dental clinics in Qom (2013), were studied. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical tests and chi-square or exact Fisher’s tests. The significance level was considered less than 0.05.Results: Among 260 patients, 108 ones (41.5%) had at least one impacted tooth, and the most common impacted teeth were mandibular third molars, especially region of the left mandible. The most prevalent impaction of the third molar was type B impaction in terms of depth, and angulation was mesioangular in mandibule and vertical in maxilla. The prevalence of impaction was higher in females than males, which was not significant (p=0.06).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the prevalence of impaction was relatively high in the patients referred to dental clinics in Qom city, which shows the importance of timely screening, diagnosis and treatment.