Alloxysta turcica Tataroğlu & Katılmış, 2023, a species recently described from Turkey, is now being synonymyzed with A. minuscula Andrews, 1978. This decision is based on MORPHOLOGICAL analysis, which has revealed significant similarities between the two species. The reasons and supporting illustrations for this synonymy are provided.

In order to investigate the possibility of quinoa producing in Garmsar, Iran, a factorial experiment conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018-2019 growing season at Garmsar Agricultural Research Station. The factors were planting date at three levels (March 6th, April 1st and April 6th) and the three genotypes of quinoa (Q26, Q29 and Titicaca). Results showed that the effect of planting date was significant for all studied traits except the harvest index. Also, all studied traits were significantly different in all genotypes. Titicaca planted on March 6th had the highest yield (2276 kg.ha-1).The grain yield and yield components decreased with the delaying the planting date. Compared to early plantings, Latest date, April 6th, led to reduction of all traits, especially grain yield (about 50%). The results of simple phenotypic correlation between the studied traits showed that grain yield per hectare had the highest correlation with plant yield (0.877) and then with leaf area index (0.832), panicle weight (0.815) and number of branches per plant (0.745) that was significant at the 1% probability level.

MORPHOLOGICAL and ecological variations and inter-specific relationships of a red algal genus, Hypnea were investigated in 15 populations belong to 5 species from Oman Sea coasts. In this study, cluster analyses, principal component analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis were done. Statistical analyses indicated that characters such as special branches or branchlets, position of tetrasporange and algae habit are the most important diagnostic characters in intera-genus variation. In general two major clusters were formed. The first major cluster comprised H. boergesenii. Second major cluster contains two subclusters. The first subcluster comprised of H. charoides, H. valentiae and H. musciformis. The second subcluster comprised of H. pannosa. Results showed that variation in the cluster one was explained by average of annual salinity and MORPHOLOGICAL variation and in cluster two was related to average of annual PH, water temperature and impurities.

Typological classification is historically the first manifestation of typology in modern linguistics, starting with the MORPHOLOGICAL classification of language in the nineteenth century. MORPHOLOGICAL typology usually recognizes three canonical types of language: isolating, agglutinating, and fusional, to which is sometimes added a fourth: polysynthetic. The majority of the worlds languages do not correspond to these types. In fact, the traditional MORPHOLOGICAL typology involves a language as a whole, not a particular construction. It could just as easily be applied to different parts of the linguistic system. For instance, the nominal system of a language may be agglutinative while the verbal system is fusional.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Formalism is one of the schools of literary criticism that pays attention to the form of the literary work and played a major role in the creation of the theory of structuralism. The best field for formalist theories and structuralism is folk, folkloric and indigenous stories. According to the formalist point of view, all of these stories, while having variable characters, have specific and specific functions and actions. Weiss and Ramin"s poem is also a romantic genre with variable characters and specific actions. In this article, an attempt is made to examine the motifs of Weiss and Ramin"s story, based on Vladimir Propp"s structural model, in order to understand the similarity of the actions of the characters of romantic stories in different forms of the story. METHODOLOGY: The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and gathering information through studying, scanning and sampling library documents and databases. FINDINGS: Weiss and Ramin"s system has ten suspensions, three climaxes and seventeen functions. The characters are divided into main and secondary categories, where Weiss and Ramin are among the main characters and Mobed, Shiro, Daye, Viro, Zard and Gol are among the secondary characters. From the perspective of prop division, there are seven roles in this system, which are divided into two groups of active and passive characters. Weiss and Ramin are among active actors, and Mobed and Gol are among passive, victim and productive actors. CONCLUSION: Based on Vladimir Propp"s model of structuralism, it can be concluded that in lyrical stories, even with the existence of different forms and multiplicity of characters, self-work, function and actions are limited and specific.

Carex, the largest genus of Cyperaceae family in the world and Iran, includes four subgenera, of which the subgenus Carex with 68 species in Flora Iranica area and 44 species in Iran is the largest subgenus. Due to MORPHOLOGICAL similarities between species, this genus is composed of several complex groups. The reproductive structures (inflorescence and flower) in this genus, especially utricle and nut, are of special importance for the identification and delimitation of species. In this research, the utricle characters among Carex species in Iran have been studied. In order to evaluate the MORPHOLOGICAL and microMORPHOLOGICAL characters, herbarium samples were used and the obtained data were analyzed using PAST software Ver. 3. 14. Utricle shape (general and transverse view ), winged or wingless margin, wall material, the presence of veins and its number, the presence of hair and beak (shape and length ) were more important than other characters. Identification key was prepared based on MORPHOLOGICAL characters for subgenus Carex in Iran. The MORPHOLOGICAL traits of utricle were useful only at the species level but were not effective at the section level and also the microMORPHOLOGICAL traits were not effective at either the species level or the cluster level. Also, cluster analysis based on utricle MORPHOLOGICAL data did not confirm the conventional classifications of sections in the Flora Iranica and the Flora of Iran, but showed more agreement with phylogenetic results.

According to convergence theory, whose famous theorists are Raymond Aron and John Kenneth Galbraith, Great powers, despite their ideological differences, probably have similar behavior to each other regarding issues related to national security and maintaining interests. So, Iran and Saudi Arabia should be aware that being strong and cooperating is the only option for a bright future for these two countries and consequently the Middle East region. In this context, the author believes that everything that is happening in our region today is a background for the new order. From Brexit, widespread protests in Iran, and the coming to power of the Taliban in Afghanistan, and shadow of Saudi Arabia over Yemen, to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Azerbaijan's control over Karabakh, and the control of a significant amount of the Gaza Strip by the Zionist regime. And what is important in the meantime is Iran's appropriate action to stay out of this competition. At the individual level of analysis, both countries have the main decision maker in the form of (leader / king). In terms of the region, it should be stated that these two can have the greatest impact on the security of the region. At the global level, America's focus from the Persian Gulf to the Asia Pacific can provide space for the creation of a bloc led by these two in the region with global influence. Iran and Saudi Arabia must be aware that the new world order is happening and all countries will pursue their interests at this time, and in the meantime, any country that falls into the trap of "internal unrest and foreign war" will be the loser in the future.As a future study if the purpose of the research is to identify and evaluate the causal relationships and influence between factors, the structural method is more suitable, but if the purpose of the research is to produce and evaluate several different scenarios for the future, the extension method is more suitable. In this research, we present a combination of these two. In fact in this research, we identified the main drivers using the MicMac software, then obtained different scenarios using the MORPHOLOGICAL matrix, and finally we presented our prescriptive analytics and outlined the ways to achieve it.The integrated (interdisciplinary) method tells us that since no single method has been able to be sufficient or complete on its own, it is better to use all possible methods to reach more convincing results and possibly discover the truth. So it can be concluded that the combination of realism and constructivism will have a favorable and balanced result. Whose foundations can be seen in the theory of realist constructivism, this approach can use cause and effect analysis and structural analysis in international relations and thus be an analytical and critical approach. In fact, flexibility can help us a lot, as Samuel Barkin uses this example in his book: In the sociology of science, paradigms are a bit like castles. The scientists are the knights in this metaphor, and the assumptions are the lords that the knights / scientists are sworn to defend. The strength of a paradigm can be measured by the number of scientists willing to defend its ramparts. Scientists tend to stay true to their assumptions, so that model castles successfully defend their inhabitants, until those inhabitants die. In this metaphor, one is more concerned with defending one's (fortress / paradigm) and defeating others than with building a bridge between them. In other words, the paradigms are different from each other and in conflict with each other, and we seek to overcome this issue.What can be obtained from the historical investigation as well as the observation of current issues is that the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia have been influenced by various factors such as culture, religion, politics, economy and regional interests since ancient times. In general, the following three cases can be considered as the main turning points between the two countries. 1. The series of Arab-Iranian wars in the 7th century AD and the influence of Islam in Iran following the established communications. 2. The establishment of the Safavid government in the 16th century and the declaration of Shiism as the official religion of the country. 3: The impact of pan-Arabism movements and the Iranian revolution in the 20th century. In general, by examining the historical and contemporary relations of the two countries, we reached a set of events, trends, variables and actors. And finally, by examining the impact of these things on each other, we reached the drivers by which we were able to extract scenarios and finally presented our prescribed scenario and the solutions to achieve it.It should be noted that after the mutual influence of 54 components on each other, the overall result was as follows:America is the most prominent actor (influential variable) in this case.The nuclear deal is very important.The role of communication developments can be influential in the future.The role of the Iranian society as a defeated actor is weak in these conflicts.Finally, we present the recommendation of this research in the form of a short story.In 2028, Iran and Saudi Arabia reached an unprecedented level of cooperation and friendship. They solved the old problems and established a bloc like the European Union with a new approach by reducing dependence on oil. America also supported this process and canceled all sanctions in order not to lose its superior position over China. The resistance axis countries also achieved acceptable stability following the de-escalation of tensions, and the neighboring Arab countries improved their relations with Iran, and the Middle East region began its new path.In the best case, the future of the two countries is stable competition and cooperation, and in the worst case, Iran will become weaker and more normal every day under Saudi Arabia, and finally, at the point of desperation, they will lead to a military conflict. In fact, what is considered desirable from the point of view of this prescriptive future research lies behind the issue that Iran and Saudi Arabia achieve convergence with each other, a convergence that both of them are at the peak of power, and finally we get the following results:The two strong twin countries of Iran and Saudi Arabia will create peace and sustainable development in the region if they converge.The roots of proxy wars and terrorist acts will dry up.The problem of Palestine and Israel will be solved.It is in the interest of Iran and Saudi Arabia to take full control of the Persian Gulf together so that not only the hands of the western countries are cut short, but also a vacuum is not created.Creating an economic bloc that creates balance and benefit in the relationship between East and West.

Male reproductive system includes internal and external genitalia. External genitalia include scrotum and penis. Each testis is an oval structure about 4.5 to 5.1cm long and 3cm in diameter and located in the scrotum. each testis contains seminiferous tubules which are long, highly coiled, and looped tubules. Sperm are produced within the seminiferous tubules. Sertoli cells which are located within seminiferous tubules feed and protect developing sperms. Epididymis is a long tube located along the superior and posterior margins of the testes. Its function is sperm transport, storage and maturation (motility and fertility maturation). Sperm transport through the human epididymis last from 2 to 12 days. Process of sperm production is called “spermatogenesis” which begins at puberty and takes approximately 64 days in the human. The conversion of spermatids into mature spermatozoa is called “Spermiogenesis”. The mature and normal sperm cell is approximately 60 mm in length and has a head, neck, middle piece and tail. The head should be oval in shape and 4 to 5 mm in length. The midpiece is slender and less than 1 mm in width.The tail should be straight, uniform and thinner than midpiece, and approximately 45 mm long. Sperm morphology classification has a predictive value in invitro sperm fertilization. The following defects has been recognize according to WHO criteria: (a) Head defects including large, small, tapered, pin, pyriform, round, amorphous, vacuolated heads and heads with small or large acrosomal area (b) Neck & Midpiece defects including bent neck, asymmetrical insertion, thick and thin midpiece and cytoplasmic droplet.(c) Tail defects including short, broken, bent, double, coiled tails and tail-tip coiling.