Background: Mastoid Pressure Dressing (MPD) has been commonly used by otolaryngologists from 1960 as a post-operative care after mastoid or middle ear surgeries. MPD may be removed after the first day or 5 days after the surgery but it is not clear whether early or late removal is associated with less side effects. To clarify the optimal time of MPD removal, we conducted this prospective study. Methods: A total of 56 patients, including 19 males and 37 females with the mean age of 38. 23±, 15. 9 years, were included in this study. Among these, 31 patients underwent early MPD removal (after one day) and for the other 25 patients, MPD was removed five days following the surgery, Tympanoplasty or Tympanomastoidectomy. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender distribution or mean age. In addition, no significant betweengroup difference was detected in developing hematoma and sleep disturbance, but patients with late MPD removal showed higher rates of headache and erythema. Conclusion: Current study suggests that MPD may be removed as soon as possible after the surgery due to its side effects inducing headache and irritation.

Medical product development (MPD) process is highly multidisciplinary in nature, which increases the complexity and the associated risks. Managing the risks during MPD process is very crucial. The objective of this research is to explore risks during MPD in a dental product manufacturing company and propose a model for risk mitigation during MPD process to minimize failure events.A case study approach is employed. The existing MPD process is mapped with five phases of the customized phase gate process. The activities during each phase of development and risks associated with each activity are identified and categorized based on the source of occurrence.The risks are analyzed using traditional Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and fuzzy FMEA. The results of two methods when compared show that fuzzy approach avoids the duplication of RPNs and helps more to convert cognition of experts into information to get values of risk factors. The critical, moderate, low level and negligible risks are identified based on criticality, risk treatments and mitigation model are proposed. During initial phases of MPD, the risks are less severe, but as the process progresses the severity of risks goes on increasing. The MPD process should be critically designed and simulated to minimize the number of risk events and their severity. To successfully develop the products/devices within the manufacturing companies, the process risk management is very essential. A systematic approach to manage risks during MPD process will lead to the development of medical products with expected quality and reliability. This is the first research of its kind having focus on MPD process risks and its management. The methodology adopted in this paper will help the developers, managers and researchers to have a competitive edge over the other companies by managing the risks during the development process.

The use of agricultural practices such as plant density and environmental friendly fertilizers are effective in improving plant products. This study was conducted to determine the physiological and biochemical response of Bakhtiari savory (Satureja bachtiarica Bunge.) to cattle manure (30-ton ha-1) and plant density (high plant density, HPD: 80000, medium plant density, MPD: 40000, and low plant density, LPD: 26666 plant ha-1) during 2018 and 2019. Chlorophyll (Chl) content, relative water content (RWC), Malondialdehyde (MAD), proline concentrations, total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and essential oil (EO) percentage of Bakhtiari savory were measured under dryland farming condition. Chl a and b increased under manure application at high/MPD in the second year. RWC at high/MPD with manure application in the second-year plants was higher compared to other experimental treatments. The highest MAD was observed in plants at LPD with non-manure application in the first year. Increased proline concentration was found at LPD compared to MPD and HPD. TPC and TFC in second-year plants were significantly greater than the first-year plants. Organic fertilizer improved TPC and TFC content. The greatest TPC and TFC were observed at MPD with manure application in the second-year plants. EO percentage in MPD was higher than other plant densities. The highest EO percentage was achieved at MPD with manure application in the second-year plants. It could be suggested that use of cattle manure and HPD or MPD leads to obtain higher plant production.

Objective: High level expression of recombinant protein in Escherichia coli often results in aggregation of the expressed protein molecules into inclusion bodies. Cysteines in the protein contribute to this process. Intermolecular and intramolecular disulfide bonds formation in Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV)-coat protein (CP), a cysteine-rich protein, and lead to aggregation when the recombinant protein was overexpressed in E. coli. Hence, aggregated proteins should be solubilized and allowed to refold to obtain nativeor correctly-folded recombinant proteins. Materials and methods: In this paper, SDS/MPD method used as a unique approach to refold the structure some protein in the presence of the denaturing agent, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS). This was made possible by addition of the amphipathic solvent 2, 4-Methyl-2-PentaneDiol (MPD), used as protecting but also as refolding agent for these proteins. For this purpose, the inclusion bodies containing insoluble proteins of GFLV CP were solubilized by denaturing with SDS, then the soluble proteins were purified by the size exclusion chromatography, and finally, the purified proteins were refolded using SDS/MPD method. Results: Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the reassembly GFLV VLPs using SDS/MPD method. Conclusions: MPD modulate the denaturing properties of SDS, therefore, for the first time, a simple and effective method to refolded GFLV VLP from the SDS-denatured state.

The management of plant arrangement and organic fertilizer is an effective practice in agricultural systems particularly in dryland farming condition. The split plot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of cattle manure and plant density on essential oil (EO) content, EO yield, photosynthesis contents, leaf nutrients, enzyme activities of Satureja mutica Fisch. & C.A.Mey. based on completely randomized block design (CRBD) with three replications during 2018 and 2019. The plants were treated with cattle manure (30 tones ha-1) under high plant density (HPD, 80000 plant ha-1), medium plant density (MPD, 40000 plant ha-1), and low plant density (LPD, 26666 plant ha-1) in dryland farming system. The results showed that the highest EO content (2.2%) and EO yield (10.9 kg ha-1) were observed in the second-year plants with manure application at HPD. Under both HPD and MPD, chlorophyll (Chl) a+b was greater compared to LPD. The higher concentrations of magnesium (Mg) and phosphorous (P) were observed in second-year plants treated with manure application at MPD in comparison with LPD/HPD. Compared to LPD, increased potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) contents were observed at HPD and MPD. The activity of antioxidant enzymes at LPD was significantly higher than other treatments. The use of cattle manure and HPD could increase EO production, but MPD is suggested in improving leaf nutrients of S. mutica.

A quanitative structure property relationship was proposed to calculate the binary interaction terms of the Jouyban-Acree model using solubility parameter, boiling point, vapour pressure and density of solvents. The applicability of the proposed method for reproducing solubility data of anthracene in binary solvents has been evaluated using 116 solubility data sets collected from the literature. The mean percentage deviation (MPD) of experimental and calculated solubilities has been computed as a measure of accuracy and the MPD of the proposed method was ~ 6 %. The accuracy of the method was compared with that of a previously reported method where the MPD was ~ 12 % and the mean differences between proposed and previous methods was statistically significant.

Background: Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) is a tyrosine kinase located in the cytoplasm that plays a critical role in the signal transduction of cytokines and growth hormones. The conversion of valine to phenylalanine at the polypeptide position 617 results in the JAK2 (V617F) mutation, which often found in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). As a result of this mutation, JAK2 is constitutively activated leading to uncontrolled cell growth. The present study aimed to investigate the frequency and relationship of the JAK2 (V617F) mutation in a population of patients with MPNs in Iran. Methods: A total of 213 patients with myeloproliferative diseases (MPDs), were included in the study. Real-time PCR was used to detect the presence of the JAK2 (V617F) mutation in the genomic DNA isolated from patient peripheral blood samples. Results: Of the 213 patients with MPDs, approximately 60 (28%) patients were positive for the JAK2 (V617F) mutation. Polycythemia Vera (PV, 42. 11%) was the most common MPD, followed by Essential Thrombocythemia (ET, 29. 82%), Primary Myelofibrosis (MF, 12. 28%), and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML, 10. 5%). A significant relationship between all types of MPDs and the clinical course (p< 0. 05) was observed. The relationship between age and gender among all types of MPD disease was not significant (p> 0. 05). Conclusions: Of the examined cohort in North Eastern Iran, 28% of the patients with MPNs were found to have the JAK2 (V617F) mutation which determining the presence of the JAK2 (V617F) mutation helps to decide the correct form of treatment.

This paper analyzed the characteristics of managed pressure drilling (MPD) technology and impact of wellhead back pressure on the wellbore annulus pressure profile, and found that the application of this technology provides situation for improvement in the current casing program design. Meanwhile, the equivalent density of drilling fluid in wellbore annulus needs to consider the impact of back pressure. On this basis, casing program design for top-down design approach and multi-pressure system formation in MPD are established. Comparing and analyzing the results of casing program design in MPD and conventional drilling, it can be concluded that for the top-down design method, each layer of casing can reach to a deeper depth. It can also reduce the casing level for the multi-pressure system formation using wellhead back pressure to make the wellbore annulus pressure profiles bend. Thus, it can cleverly pass through the complex formation which needs multi-layer intermediate casings in conventional drilling. In this condition, the well structure can be simplified.