The present article attempts to examine the developmental level of Marivan villages based on standardized and functional models (second type). First, Marivan County has been introduced, and then, human indices of Marivan villages have been presented. Marivan central district, as a case study, has been ranked 2nd and 1st of all districts based on standardized models and functional models (second type), respectively. Besides, it has been ranked 1st based on both models as far as population index is concerned. In order for results to be obtained, 19 cases of population, literacy, employment, housing, educational, cultural, religious, political and administrative indices as well as infrastructure including water, electricity and gas, healthcare, communication and commerce services were analyzed. It proves obvious that such field analytical knowledge will certainly be beneficialto rural planners as far as local development is concerned. This article is based on the researcher's thesis entitled "a survey of the capability of 3 economic factors of agriculture, industry and tourism regarding sustainable development and planning of rural areas in Marivan, A case study: central district of Marivan.

Introduction Today, one of the new economic opportunities, as well as the social and ecological needs of the world due to strongly growing and expanding, is the tourism industry. Nature is one of the most important economic activities in different parts of the world a therefore it is a very good opportunity to provide visitors to be aware of the importance of preserving culture and how to protect local culture and nature. The conditions for local communities and remote areas make good natural incomes for the country because of the potential benefit in many aspects of religious tourism, indigenous, natural, pristine environment, agriculture, livestock, wildlife, protected areas, forests, mountains, rivers and other natural resources, always as the association tourism in the territory of the land has been raised.Therefore, through the existing tourism opportunities in the country, despite natural attractions, pristine landscapes and good climatic aspects of tourism strengthens. In these areas, execution of planning and strategic partnership with the new approach could be one of the ways to exploit these opportunities with the potential for a city in the middle is Nature. Among rural areas due to geographical location Marivan township itself includes plenty of natural potentials that have already optimized for various reasons and, sustainable usage of these opportunities is not so, in order to diversify the sources of economic growth and foreign exchange earnings and create job opportunities, tourism development and its related economic activities in order to provide leisure areas for citizens, is important too.

In the present study, the history of Marivan City from the time of the emergence of this word in historical sources has been studied. Understanding the fate of the city of Marivan from ancient times to the origin of the word Marivan and what historical stages it has gone through requires a lot of research. Here, the criterion and source of information processing is the origin of the word Marivan with different titles in historical texts. Accordingly, the beginning of the chronicle of the city of Marivan in this study dates back to the Mongol era and continues almost until the beginning of the Pahlavi period. Existing sources and reports indicate that the political appearance of the city of Marivan, with this title, in historical sources is synonymous with the rise to power and chronology of the Ardalan family in the seventh century AH. Since then, one can trace Mariwan in the process of border developments between the two empires of Iran and the Ottoman Empire, as well as in the rivalry between the Kurdish ruling families of Ardalan (around Mariwan and later in Sanandaj) and Baban (in Sulaimaniyah). Thus, in the present study, the political destiny of the city of Marivan from the Mongol period to the Pahlavi period has been mentioned based on historical sources and library methods. .

Overall goal of this research is the role of tourism in rural development, Marivan city. In order to achieve this objective, two methods have been used to document and track. Approach and an exploratory study - an analysis of this issue in the tourist, what role in rural development, Marivan city, plays. The study population (15 villages studied), includes three groups of experts and staff (236 people), rural (8570) and tourists (1200) have been using formula and Morgan, respectively, 146 bachelors 291 out of 368 people, villagers and tourists as the sample size has been determined. How to choose the subjects and finally systematic random sampling is.In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis, nonparametric Friedman test using SPSS software is used. The results show that the role of tourism in rural development Greatest impact on reducing rural exodus, and restoring social tourism in the local traditions and Greatest impact on the economic dimension of the rising cost of land and housing. Finally, according to achieved results and findings of the research Strategies for developing rural tourism activities is provided in the city of Marivan.

Good urban governance is one of the concepts that it takes into consideration the general welfare of citizens and its policies and programs are within the framework of specific indicators. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate good urban governance indicators in the central neighborhoods of Marivan city, (1, 2, 4, 14). The data and information of this research were collected in two ways, library and survey, that in the survey method, the questionnaire tool was used that validity and reliability were confirmed by experts in this field. The total sample size was estimated at 380 people using the Cochran formula, the sampling method is non-random and questionnaires were distributed randomly among citizens. SPSS and Excel software were used to analyze the data, and given the normality of the data, ANOVA test was used. Using Tukey’ s test, the differences between each neighborhood were investigated. The results indicated that in the neighborhoods studied, good urban governance indexes are not in desirable condition. The first and 14th neighborhoods do not have a significant difference in terms of accountability, consistency orientation and justice, and in other indices, these two neighborhoods have significant differences with each other. This significant difference is not high due to the difference in the average of the indices studied in both neighborhoods, and it can be said that the status of urban governance indicators in these two neighborhoods, like the two and four neighborhoods, is not in a desirable situation, and all of them are on almost the same level.

The problem is studied within the traditional tourism activities are followed and failed at creating jobs and prosperity for the villagers as possible to earn enough to be effective. Inappropriate physical infrastructure as well as environmental and rural amenities and tourism, and lack of sufficient knowledge of their low education and tourism activities in the study area is another problem. So in this study is a case study of Marivan city tourist villages through the SWOT model and influence factors of rural tourism are evaluated Finally, with respect to the features and capabilities and limitations of the study area and utilizes the methods and models used Optimal strategies for rural tourism to be presented using SWOT model. Using the methodology of the study was descriptive - analytical survey method is performed. In the present study, collect data, document the visit and taking notes from the documents library And direct field observation, interviews, photo graphs, video, and data analysis methods for Strategic SWOT EXCEL and SPSS software is used. Also, to achieve the objectives of the study, three groups of officials and experts active, local elites and foreign residents and tourists have been selected as the target population.

Introduction: Organizing urban land use which is the principal part of urban planning can cause spatial suitability and land use efficiency.The expansion of the urban activities and presentation of discipline, ethics, law and order and supervision of municipal affairs considering the convolution of economic and social relation of the cities falls under certain fields of specialization. Regarding the increasing growth of population, equal distribution of service over any district of cities is a complicated issue which requires subtle studies in the field of either extant capacities and facilities and future needs-the needs which form the basis urban planning. To have a fair planning, it is important to, first, follow the land use planning which should be accomplished with regard to urban density and Percapita. From among the essential criteria of the distribution of urban planning, the role of climatic social and economic factors, and the compatibility of applications is very important. Besides, gender and age are the most significant criteria for determining the urban functions.

The purpose of the present research is to examine the possibilities of intervene and change of the condition of social exclusion of Hawrami people from Souranis. In doing so we benefited from an approach embedded within the intellectual tradition of France (the relational) using Bourdieu's and Silver’ s concepts which are based on three paradigms (integration, specialization and the monopoly) to explain the exclusion. The methodology is critical ethnography which focuses on the current situation in society and supports the emancipation of marginalized people. The experience of Hawramis has been investigated in three contextual situations that result from the emigration of Hawramis to the city, leading to the emergence of three discourses in the urban social context. In the context of the first situation, which is characterized by the slow rate of migration and fall of Master-slave system, the problem of exclusion is not problematized yet. The changes after the Iran-Iraq war, expansion of the urbanization, the excess migration, and importance of market and domination of cultural hegemony resulted from relations with Iraqi Kurdistan is the second situation. This situational context is experienced by middle-aged people. The third situation, which focuses on the experience of young people, is characterized by merging in the cultural identity of the city, participation in associations, increased education. The present situation focuses on the homogenous urban-surani identity. Findings of the research show that Hawramis are excluded in the social and cultural spheres as well (as to maintain their distinctions) which is in the social field of their reaction through distinction from the association and intergroup activities (especially lingual-dialect distinction).

Development of tourism has many direct and indirect economical, social, cultural and environmental advantages for the host community and plays an important role in shaping the pattern of development; but on the other hand, such an approach rises some concerns about the threats facing the environment and natural, cultural and historical heritage of local residents on the part of tourists. That’s why today sustainable tourism is regarded as a new concept to deal with the negative effects of tourism development in the context of sustainable development programs in order to protect the environment of touristic areas. Due to the severe impact of behavior of tourists on the environment, this study attempts to investigate the effect of subjective attitudinal and demographic variables in explaining environmental behaviors of tourists. For this purpose, 230 questionnaires were distributed randomly among the tourists visiting Zarivar Lake in Marivan from which 200 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The results indicated that there is no significant relationship between gender, age and length of stay on one hand and environmental behavior of tourists on the other. The results also showed a significant relationship between the level of education, the means of travel and type of accommodation on the environmental behavior of visitors. Moreover, stepwise regression analysis revealed that environmental concerns and education have the most impact on the dependent variable. In other words, higher education level and higher environmental concerns of tourists causes more environment-friendly behaviors in them.