Introduction: This study seeks to discuss the light wave transport characteristics variation along the pericardium Meridian under different pressures.Methods: We selected 36 healthy students at the school for this study, tied up the desktop blood pressure cuff onto subjects’right proximal arms, fixed the detection probe immovably on the Neiguan (PC6) acupoint and the reference point which was 1cm off the PC6, and collected the light signal along the meridian and non-meridian when the laser irradiate Jianshi (PC5), Ximen (PC4) and the corresponding reference points respectively under pressure of 0, 100, 130 and 160.Results: The differences in optical transport properties between meridian and nonmeridian were significant: under the same pressures (0s, 100s, 130s, and 160mmHg), the relative attenuation rate of optical signal at the same distance between meridian and non-meridian were significant (p<0.001), the optical signal attenuates slower when it transported along meridians, however, there is no significant difference for the relative attenuation rate of optical signal along meridian or non-meridian under different pressures (p>0.05). Under four different pressure situations, the optical signal at acupoint (PC5) and non-acupoint (NP) along the meridian were significantly different with the corresponding reference points along the non-meridian (P<0.001), the optical signal on the meridian is stronger than the non-meridian one, the optical signals are strikingly different at acupoints, non-acupoints, and reference points between and 100, 130, and 160mmHg pressures (P £0.001), however, no difference was found between 100, 130, and 160mmHg pressures.Conclusion: The optical signal on the meridian is stronger than the non-meridian.The optical signal attenuates slower when it transported along meridians. The human meridians may be the good pathway for light waves with certain wavelengths. That is to say light waves with certain wavelengths can transport and be blocked along meridian direction, when it irritates the meridians, or acupoints after excluding the influence of human anatomy structure, which verified again the objective existence of meridians transporting and the possibility of blocking from the optical view.

McCarthy scholarship has predominantly tended to stress the writer’ s revisionism with regard to his rendering of the myth of the American West in Blood Meridian (1985). McCarthy’ s novel has been mainly hailed as a critique of the violence of manifest destiny. This study aims to delineate aspects of McCarthy’ s narrative which resist the predominant view of him as a revisionist. In this regard, it addresses the writer’ s representation of manifest destiny and American identity in this narrative. It is argued that McCarthy’ s narrative essentially problematizes historiographic representation of the myth of the West not only by denying a valid access to history, but also by calling into doubt the truth claims of such a representation. Furthermore, the writer’ s visions of violence and evil as universal entities undermine the predominant view of him as a revisionist. Finally, a critical reading of McCarthy’ s rendering of American identity vis-à-vis Native American identity underscores the marginalization and denigration of Native Americans in the text.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of opposite clear corneal incisions (OCCI) with 4 mm incisions on the steep meridian on postoperative astigmatism. Methods: This study was performed on 64 eyes of 55 patients with keratometric astigmatism of ≥,1 diopter (D) undergoing phacoemulsification. Patients were divided into two groups, with‑, the‑, rule (WTR) astigmatism and against‑, the‑, rule (ATR) astigmatism. Initial incisions in the WTR group were performed on the temporal side with 3. 2 mm keratome and paired stab incisions were performed on the steep meridian. At the end of the surgery, stab incisions were enlarged to 4 mm. Follow‑, up visits were scheduled at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, which included refraction and keratometry. Results: It was found that the mean preoperative keratometric astigmatism was 2. 06 ±,0. 86 D. The postoperative mean keratometric astigmatism was 1. 3 ±,0. 7 D after 1 month and 1. 2 ±,0. 7 D after 12 months. The mean astigmatism correction between the preoperative measure and that taken at 1 month was statistically significant (P = 0. 001), but there was no significant change in the severity of astigmatism afterward. The mean surgically‑, induced astigmatism was found to be 1. 99 ±,0. 9 D. The 12‑, month changes of mean absolute astigmatism were: 1. 06 ±,0. 7 D in the WTR group, and 0. 53 ±,0. 7 D in the ATR group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0. 02). Conclusion: Based on our findings, we posit that paired OCCI on the steep axis, using 4 mm incisions is an effective technique to correct preoperative astigmatism.

This study explores the intricate relationship between space and identity in Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian, utilizing the geocritical concepts of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. By examining his novel, the study investigates how the interaction of smooth and striated spaces shapes and reshapes characters' identities. Through the lens of Deleuze and Guattari, the research highlights the fluidity and dynamism of spaces, focusing on the continuous interplay without rigid distinctions between space and place. As the integration of Deleuze and Guattari’s concepts of the war machine, nomad, and rhizome is essential to understanding the influence of space on characters' identity, this study begins with examining these key concepts. The rhizome concept parallels the non-linear, interconnected narrative structures in McCarthy's work in which the nomadic existence of characters underscores their search for meaning and survival in a world of constant flux. Through detailed analysis, this study aims to uncover the ways in which McCarthy's characters grapple with their identities amidst perpetual change, offering a nuanced understanding of the interplay between space and identity in contemporary literature.

The Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is a unique phenomenon to provoke a sense of relaxation that has been proposed for a few years. This phenomenon suggests acoustic-visual stimuli for cultivating a peaceful environment for the mind as well as a tingling sensation. Some studies suggest that this phenomenon is comparable with mindfulness; surprisingly, published articles in this regard are growing increasingly to examine how it happens scientifically. Some studies have been done on neuroimaging techniques, including functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), biological methods such as heart rate and skin conductance, and questionnaires to assess the impact of ASMR videos. In this paper, we intend to determine the effect of ASMR videos on EEG signals. The FFT absolute power analysis (Pre versus Post ASMR) revealed a declined delta band power generally. On the other hand, there are no significant changes in theta band power. The central region demonstrated a rise in alpha band power as well as a slight decrease in the occipital region. Moreover, such an increase was evident in post-ASMR in the beta1 (Sensorimotor wave (12-15 Hz)) band frequency, generally, especially in the frontal region. Besides, Gamma 1 has been increased in the central region, and Gamma 2 has also be increased in frontoparietal regions in both hemispheres. These results indicate the cognitive process as well as sensorimotor, tingling sensations features of ASMR.

Introduction: Photonics refers to the technology of generating and harnessing light and other forms of radiant energy whose quantum unit is the photon. Photonic technology in the meridian and acupoints research has shown the unique advantages, by which the microcosmic material basis and macroscopic phenomena research can be integrated to interpret the occurrence of propagated sensation along meridian (PSM) and its underlying mechanism. This study seeks to investigate light and heat sensing action along meridian.Methods: From the modern research of meridian point of view, PSM is the break point to research the essentiality of meridian. The bio-photonic feature of meridian is the most promising research direction to investigate the PSM phenomena for its contribution to prove the existence of meridian objectively and spontaneously. Therefore, the bio-photonic features of meridian under physiological, pathological, therapeutic, and mechanical conditions were analyzed. Firstly, the four aspects of light sensing action were discussed, i.e. light sensing effect along meridian, blocking effect, laser induced effect and underlying mechanism of light sensing action along meridian. Secondly, the four items of heat sensing action were discussed as well, i.e. thermo-effects, heat perception ability, laser induced heat effect, underlying mechanism on heat sensing effect along meridian.Results: The authors point out that photonic technology, e.g. ultra-weak luminescence, photonic imaging, infrared imaging and infrared spectrum analysis, biological photons detection and laser Doppler application, can achieve purposes of in vivo, dynamic, multiple comparable studies. Thereby, the effect of light and heat sensing along meridian can be detected and illustrated by the use of natural science. The effect of light sensing and heat sensing along meridians with the help of advantages of photonics is expected to interpret and quantify the meridian doctrine, to provide an important experimental basis for meridians and acupoint properties of light and heat, to find a kind of non-invasive diagnostic technique, and to promote the integration and development of meridians and modern medicine.Conclusion: Light and heat information can be investigated to analyze the relationship between zang-fu organs and meridians, and the functional characteristics of the meridian. Hence, the effect of light and heat sensing along meridian is the break point of the research of photonics in meridian, which is beneficial to further study the meridian optics.

Context: Increase mindfulness can help the students in dealing and successfully finishing their studies. Therefore, it is warranted to know if autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR) has an effect in the mindfulness of the nursing students. Aims: This study aimed to assess the immediate effects of ASMR stimulation on the mindful attention awareness of nursing students. Settings and Design: This is a quasi-experimental pre-and post-test design with two experimental groups (whispering and auditory triggers) and a comparison group (personal attention role play trigger). Materials and Methods: Fifty-four nursing students from the college of applied medical sciences were assigned into three groups: (a) the whispering group (n = 18), (b) the auditory group (n = 18), and (c) the personal attention group (n = 18). An adapted Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) was used to assess the mindful attention awareness of nursing students. Statistical Analysis Used: Paired t-tests and ANOVA were employed to identify significant differences between pre-and post-test scores for each group. Results: Both MAAS posttest scores of the whispering sound (d = 0. 49) and auditory sound (d = 0. 48) acquired a significant Cohen’ s effect size value when compared to the personal attention triggers, suggesting a high practical significance. However, when the two experimental groups were compared, the effect size value was not significant (d = − 0. 02), established an equal effect on the mindful attention awareness of nursing students. Conclusion: ASMR is considered a promising intervention in the nursing education to improve students’ mindful attention awareness. Specifically, the whispering and auditory sounds are better than the personal attention trigger sounds in increasing the mindfulness attention awareness scores of the nursing students.

Introduction: The “ autonomous sensory meridian response” (ASMR) is a neologism used to describe an internal sensation of deep relaxation and pleasant head tingling which is often stimulated by gentle sounds, light touch, and personal attention. Methods: An fMRI-based methodology was employed to examine the brain activation of subjects prescreened for ASMR-receptivity (n=10) as they watched ASMR videos and identified specific moments of relaxation and tingling. Results: Subjects who experienced ASMR showed significant activation in regions associated with both reward (NAcc) and emotional arousal (dACC and Insula/IFG). Brain activation during ASMR showed similarities to patterns previously observed in musical frisson as well as affiliative behaviors. Conclusion: This is the first study to measure the activation of various brain regions during ASMR and these results may help to reveal the mechanistic underpinnings of this sensation.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of adding an opposite clear corneal incision (OCCI) on the steep meridian versus performing surgery on the steep meridian alone during phacoemulsification in reducing pre-existing corneal astigmatism. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 120 eyes with corneal astigmatism of >1D undergoing phacoemulsification. Incisions were made based on the type of astigmatism as follows: superior or superior+OCCI for with-the-rule and temporal or temporal+OCCI for against-the-rule astigmatism. Patients were followed with refraction, keratometry and topography. Statistical analysis was performed using one- and two-way ANOVA and Tukey-a test.Results: Mean corneal astigmatism was 1.82±0.86 D in the superior+OCCI group and 1.74±0.86 D in the temporal+OCCI group preoperatively which decreased to 1.31±0.59 (P=0.013) and 1.19±0.64 (P=0.009) postoperatively respectively. No significant change occurred in the amount of astigmatism in any of the two single incision groups. Conclusion: Paired OCCI on the steep axis is a useful technique to correct mild to moderate pre-existing astigmatism with no need for particular skill or additional instruments.