Progressive collapse studies generally assess the performance of the structure under gravity and blast loads, while earthquakes may also lead to the progressive collapse of a damaged structure. In this study, the progressive collapse response of concentrically braced dual systems with steel Moment-resisting frames was assessed under seismic loads through pushover analysis using triangular and uniform lateral load patterns. Two different bracing types (X and inverted V braces) were considered, and their performances were compared under different lateral load patterns using the nonlinear static alternate path method recommended in the Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) guideline. Eventually, the seismic progressive collapse resistance of models was compared to their progressive collapse response under gravity loads. These studies showed that models under the seismic progressive collapse loads satisfied UFC acceptance criteria and limited rehabilitation objective. The structures had better performance under seismic progressive collapse than models under gravity loads because of more resistance, ductility, suitable load redistribution, and more structural elements that participated in load redistribution. Furthermore, despite studies on progressive collapse under gravity loads, the dual system with X braces showed better progressive collapse performance (more resistance, residual reserve strength ratio and ductility) under seismic loads than the model with inverted V braces.

When a primary structural element fails due to sudden load such as explosion, the building undergoes progressive collapse. The method for design of Moment connections during progressive collapse is different to seismic design of Moment connections. Because in this case, the axial force on the connections makes it behave differently. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of a variety of Moment connections in preventing progressive collapse in steel Moment frames. To achieve this goal, three prequalified Moment connections (BSEEP, BFP and WUP-W) were designed according to seismic codes. These Moment connections were analysed numerically using ABAQUS software for progressive collapse. The results show that the BFP connection (bolted flange plate) has capacity much more than other connections because of the use of plates at the junction of beam-column.

Introduction: According to Kuhn, substitution of one paradigm to another is the main development in science. Our focus in the current research was to focus on affective theory of industrial organizational psychology in job satisfaction domain namely affective events theory (AET).AET compensates neglect of affect and de-emphasizes an affect component of job satisfaction. This theory emphasizes affect on an equal footing with cognitive evaluations, hypothesizes different antecedents for cognitive evaluations versus affect, and hypothesizes different sets of behaviors as consequences of individual differences in affect as contrasted with cognitive evaluations. AET hypothesizes links between job affect and spontaneous, short term behaviors.Affect is defined conceptually as individuals' emotional reactions to their jobs and to the events that happen on their jobs. The feelings to the job are modified by events that occur on the job during the day. In the current research the events in the job were designed experimentally. It is hypothesized that job events have influence on job satisfaction at the Moment, namely Moment job satisfaction and also on overall evaluation of job satisfaction which is called delayed job satisfaction.Moment affect consists of two measures of affect, namely Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) in the conceptual model of the current research. These components of affect emerge at the Moment of the event are very important. While Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) can be considered as traits so that positive affect (PA) characterizes individuals predisposed to experience jovality, self-assurance, and attentiveness; Negative affect (NA) characterizes individuals predisposed to experience fear, sadness, quit and hostility. In the current research we emphasize on PA and NA as both states and traits. The former concept of PA and NA operationalized via experience sampling method (ESM) by measuring several times a day immediately after the event.Research Questions: Researchers formulated four hypothysis to respond to corresponding research questions as follows: First hypothesis:There is a relation between positive affect and negative affect (trait affect) and Moment job satisfaction.Second Hypothesis: The Moment affect states (Positive and Negative) moderate the relation between affect trait (Positive and Negative) and Momentjob satisfaction.Third hypothesis: Intra-individual Moment affect (as a dynamic and state affect) predicts at the Moment job satisfaction (MJS) so that a) Positive mood affect directly influences MJS and b) the relation between negative mood affect (State) and JMS is negative.Fourth Hypothesis: After some time the influence of intra-individual Moment mood on job satisfaction is weakened. Method: Participants:Participants were 82 persons from middle managers and high technician engineers of one big organization in Tehran. Because of several distribution of instruments a day, researchers encountered a 28 percent of mortality in the sample, so at the end of research the sample was 59 persons.Instruments: The first instrument was Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) that has desirable reliability and validity (Tellegan, Watson and Clark, 1999). This instrument contains 40 items (20 items for positive and 20 items for negative affect).Each item was considered four times namely, past, present, future and overall affection. The instrument was administered on coworker or spouse of responder to assess PA- NA Trait.Tellegen et al (1999) suggested that mood or emotion maybe scored as independent PA and NA traits via rotation of axes within the traditional mood circumplex.Researchers used the same instrument for the PA-NA states, but with different instructions. Participants themselves indicated their affection at the Moment of responding while for the trait significant other responded to instruments. The second instrument was Brayfield and Rothe's index of job satisfaction (1951). This instrument assessed overall job satisfaction (not component job satisfaction such as JDS).The instruments have 18 items with five choices, in the one pole completely agree and in another pole completely disagree. Moment job satisfaction and delay job satisfaction was measured with the same instrument but different instructions. Participants responded their satisfaction at the Moment for the former that administered immediately after the event. While the latter was measured by passing hours after the event. The procedure of administration required attendance of researchers to give assistance three of four times a day to the participants to take the instruments.Statistical~ethods: For the first hypothesis the Pearson correlation coefficient and for the second hypothesis the OLS regression analysis were used. To analyze interindividual and intra-individual effects on job satisfaction, the hierarchical linear regression model was used (Byrk and Roudenbush (1992).Results: The first hypothesis was partially confirmed. Findings indicate that there is a significant positive relation between trait positive affect and Moment job satisfaction (P<O/05), but the current research did not yield any relations between negative affect and Moment job satisfaction.Hierarchical regression analysis shows that trait positive affect can predict Moment job satisfaction while trait negative affect can not, so only state positive affect can moderate the relation between trait and Moment job satisfaction. For the analysis in the first block of HLM the trait variables enter. For the third hypothesis inter-individual mood score variance was omitted.The average of participant mood scores for state mood was used as a predictor variable and Moment job satisfaction was used as the criterion variable. The third hypothesis was completely confirmed. Positive and negative poles of mood (state) simultaneously predict job satisfaction.The fourth hypothesis was also confirmed by four separate analysis (time t+ 1 was 2/75 hour after the first assessment, time t+2 5/50 hour after the second measurement and the day after, for the last assessment).Discussion: The current research has four main aspects. first it reinforced the affect paradigm in I/O psychology. Second its empirical data confirmed affective events theory (AET), the newborn theory of job satisfaction which differs on model, variables and focus from antecedents theories.Third in the current research for the first time researchers used event sampling method (ESM) to pay researchers' attention to this method so to enrich their work with this view. The last major contribution of the current research was the difference between state and trait assessment of positive and negative affect that was neglected in job satisfaction research in Iran.

Though the meaning of time seems to be the same for all people, it becomes a complicated, important and relative concept in mysticism which cannot be grasped easily because each mystic understands and interprets it differently depending on the states he experiences, even the same mystic may have diverse interpretations of it in various states and conditions. This paper aims to investigate the Sufi’s definitions of this concept as well as Hafiz’s understandings of it at the climax of the beauties and delicacies of Persian mystical poetry in the eighth (A.H) century.In the famous pedagogical texts of mysticism, Moment is a mystical term which has been discussed under the jargon of Sufism. Though there are different implications and expressions about Moment in the mystical texts depending on the states and discourses of mystics and Sufis, they all enjoy similar meaning approximately. However, in the view of Hafiz, this concept has unique characteristics due to his thought and use of mystical teachings in his poems to the extent that this concept is manifested in his poetry in a vast number of forms and meanings.In this article, first, the nature of Moment and its relation with the concept of time is discussed and, then, via a terminological approach which is based on exploring the evolution of this concept, the introduction and review of literature are presented. Then, Hafiz’s view and understanding of time and his special attention to the Self Moment in his mystical thought and experience is explicated and, while categorizing the Moment of Hafiz and its various grades regarding poetic evidence in his Divan, the difference between the Moment of Hafiz and others as well as how the sweet affair of loving and drunkenness seats the thought and poems of Hafiz on a position superior to others are shown.

The present study addresses optimal design of reinforced concrete (RC) columns based on equivalent equations considering deformability regulations of ACI318-14 under axial force and uniaxial bending Moment. This study contrary to common approaches working with trial and error approach in design, at first presents an exact solution for intensity of longitudinal reinforcement in column section by solving equivalent equation. Then, longitudinal and transverse reinforcement details are assessed regarding the previous step results and where achieving the lowest steel consumption design in the column is selected as the optimum. In addition to optimizing column cross-section dimension by implementing single-variable optimization methods, the effect of axial force, bending Moment and concrete compressive strength variations on the column cross-section dimension, intensity of longitudinal reinforcement, construction costs and total weight of consumption steel have been investigated. The investigation on the validity of the proposed method was assessed and signified through comparison with the existed work in the literature. Finding an exact solution considering all regulations and constraints is the advantage of this method in determining optimized RC column.

Numerous steel Moment-resisting connections failed by brittle fracture during the Northridge earthquake. Sideplate connection uses a pair of parallel full-depth side plates to connect the beam to the column. The beam never touches the column. The physical separation between beam and column eliminates the peaked triaxial stress concentration. Fifteen 3D finite element models were developed to represent the nonlinear behavior of sideplate connections. The results indicate that this connection type has sufficient stiffness, strength and ductility to classify it as rigid, full-strength, ductile connection.