The number of traveling Muslims has increased substantially, and demands for Islamic facilities and services that adhere to their religious practices are growing exponentially. This creates business opportunities for service providers in Muslim and non-Muslim countries alike. Propelled by the growth of this new market segment, service providers such as airlines and hotels have customized aspects of their businesses to accommodate these niche demands. However, some industry players willfully ignore this market, either for fear of losing non-Muslim customers or lacking the know-how to tap into this lucrative new market. This research benchmarked some service providers (hotels) worldwide and conducted a content analysis of their websites to identify the services they provided for Muslims. The evidence shows that some hotels worldwide provide limited services to satisfy Muslim needs. Most of these hotels did not provide information about their Islamic facilities on their website, including some hotels in Islamic countries. This can be related to the social pressure (non-Muslim tourist markets), which prevents service providers from advertising their services. Lack of knowledge and research on the factors that prevent service providers from serving Muslim tourists and little information about their challenges make this area unexplored. Future research should test the research model proposed by this study and identify the factors influencing the service provider’s intention to serve the Muslim market and the barriers. This paper can serve as a guideline for industry players to partake in this growing and lucrative market.

document number: 112

Throughout the history, women have played an outstanding role in social, political, and economic transformations. Today, despite widespread developments in humanities and natural sciences, women contribution in economic and occupational activities is still low. In developmental plans, a question that is often posed is whether or not women limited contribution is due to traditional and religious beliefs. In this research, 16 developed and developing countries (both Muslim and non-Muslim) were selected and the status of women in Muslim and non-Muslim countries was compared through statistical analyses of women contribution in the labor market of these countries. Ultimately, through numerical taxonomy it was shown that the countries that have provided better occupational conditions for women enjoy better economic indices, and religious differences have played no role in women rate of contribution.

The majority of Muslim jurists including Shiates and Sunnis except Hanafis are of the opinion that a Muslim may not be retaliated for a non-Muslim but a non- Muslim shall be retaliated for a crime done to a Muslim. This issue which reminds one of discrimination on the basis of religion is considered an essential rule of Shiate jurisprudence. The author attempts to examine the issue using the methodology of traditional fiqh in Imamids jurisprudence to lay bare its weakness and strength. He does not claim to have reached a definite conclusion in this regard but does acknowledge that the aim of the article is to result in further discussion of the issue rather than to offer a particular view.

Background: Spiritual sensitivity is a fundamental component of holistic nursing care, given the diversity of patients’ cultural backgrounds and religious beliefs. With the growing Muslim population globally, particularly in Indonesia, delivering Islamic nursing care that addresses the spiritual needs of Muslim surgical patients is crucial for enhancing their spiritual well-being. Despite this, nurses continue to encounter challenges in providing spiritually competent care tailored to Muslim patients.Objectives: This study explores the perspectives of Muslim scholars on spiritually sensitive nursing care for Muslim perioperative patients in Indonesia.Methods: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative design was employed. Nine Muslim scholars from Aceh, Indonesia, were recruited through purposive sampling between June 2023 and January 2024. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed through conventional content analysis. Lincoln and Guba's criteria were applied to ensure trustworthiness of the data.Results: Analysis yielded three main themes and ten categories: 1) the importance of Sharia-based perioperative nursing care, including its meanings and benefits; 2) the integration of Sharia values into perioperative nursing practices, encompassing facilitation of patients’ worship activities, enhancement of motivation, maintenance of privacy, application of Sharia principles in communication, and medication use; and 3) the competencies required of Sharia perioperative nurses, including knowledge, attitudes, and skills.Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of incorporating Islamic nursing principles in the care of Muslim surgical patients and highlight the need for nurses to strengthen competencies in this domain. These insights provide a foundation for further initiatives and offer a framework to improve spiritually sensitive care for Muslim perioperative patients.

The issue of marriage is one of the most sensitive, fundamental, and social programs of every culture and nation. Accordingly, the marriage formation, agreement and contract are the ceremonial affairs with special rules. In Islamic jurisprudential rules and regulations, there are also certain conditions for this ceremonial contract. Among these topics is the circumstance and the marriage sentence of a Muslim with a non-Muslim. The famous theory of jurists is: A Muslim woman does not have the right to marry a non-Muslim man under any circumstances. And also, the Muslim man cannot permanently marry a non-Muslim woman. Of course, in the case of a non-permanent marriage of a Muslim man with a non-Muslim woman and the birth of a child, the child is joined by the Muslim man. Regarding the jurisprudential documentation of this issue, there are a lot of opposing views, ambiguities and questions. The present paper is adescriptive-analytical, content-oriented study using library tools and research data to investigate the jurisprudential documents of this issue and answer a number of questions in this regard.

Quran and the family of prophet Muhammad (peace be on him), believe a leadership role of wisdom and its religious command. From Quran’s teaching and the immaculate Imams’ (peace be on them) speeches, the valuability of thought and wisdom are shown, while some groups’ irrationalisms, such as traditionists and partisans of tradition, have been always seen during history. Some groups of Shi’ite and Sunni scholars or jurisprudents, on the other hand, believe in the value of wisdom and its proof; and also used it to deduce religious commands.