The paper highlights the life and works of a versatile man of letters of the Qajar period, called Mirzā Es.hāq Šams-ol-Mā'alī, originally of Neyrīz, in Fārs province, who was an excellent calligrapher, a bilingual poet (Persian and Arabic), a master of mathematics and astronomy and an expert in Islamic lore, and yet he remains relatively unknown, most of his writings unpublished. He was born in the town of Neyrīz early in the 13th century A.H./late in the 18th century, in a family of celebrated calligraphers, He spent his childhood in his native town and then moved to Shiraz to continue his education. As he began to compose poetry, he chose "Šams-ol-Mā'alī" as his nom de plume, and even though he used a different pen-name, "anjoman", later in life, his original pen-name stayed with him and became his title.Šams left Shiraz in mid 13th century for a pilgrimage to the shrine of Imam Reza in Mashad. He had a long stopover in Isfahan, where he was introduced to the Governor, Manučehr Khan Gorjī, Mo'tamed-od-Dowleh, and where he met some other literary figures. After his return from Mashad he stayed in Tehran for a while, where he was likewise introduced to the court of Motlammad Shah. Later he returned to Shiraz and for several years was a companion of Prince Tahmāsb Mirza, Mo'ayyed-od-Dowleh, while he was the Governor of Fars province. Some of Sams's best poems have been written, in Persian and Arabic,in praise of this prince.Towards the end of his life, Šams fell into bad times, and we find him complaining of his destitution in a letter that he has written to a would-be benefactor. He died possibly in Šuštar, sometime after 1280/1863 according to one account, and possibly in Tehran around the same date, according to another.His surviving works, all of them in manuscript form, are preserved in the Central Library of Tehran University; these include his poetry, mostly panegyrics, a treatise on astronomy, his literary writings and letters, a work entitled Šīrāzīyyeh in three books, which is a collection Koranic quotations interspersed with his own poetry.

Introduction: Zinc is one of the essential trace elements that exists in the structure of many enzymes and is essential for growth, development, reproduction, central nerves system and immune system function. This study was carried out to determine serum zinc status in primary school children in NEYRIZ.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 205 primary school children that randomly selected with range 7-11 year. 3ml fasting blood venous was obtained of children and serum zinc level was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.Results: Mean serum zinc concentrations was 88.08±34.37 mg/dl that significantly was higher in boys (P=0.01).30.2% of them had zinc deficiency.Conclusion: Results show that the zinc deficiency is a nutritional problem in primary school children. Further study for finding causes of zinc deficiency and removing it through educationing parents are recommended.

A huge part of the thermal energy consumed in energy industries is lost after exiting the process. Some of this waste heat can be recovered by various methods such as generating electrical energy, generating hot air for the production process or providing hot water. In Iran, the cement industry has always been far from the optimal use of resources, including energy, due to the existence of energy subsidies. In this research, the heat loss from the baking system of Nireez white cement plant as a model industry of the country to evaluate the simultaneous production of heat and electricity by using the organic Rankine cycle that generates electric power has been investigated in Span Plus V12 software. This evaluation is done to calculate the heat loss, including the mass and energy balance on the cooking system, as well as the energy balance on the pre-cooking system. The heat energy obtained enters the Rankine cycle and is converted into energy by the turbine. The results show that 635 kilowatts of electrical energy was produced from energy recycling, which leads to the elimination of 317.5 kg/hour of greenhouse gas.

Introduction Rural areas are more vulnerable to earthquake hazards than urban areas but the vulnerability of rural areas has always been neglected and few studies are worrying about it. Given the importance of villages and played the crucial role in socio-economic development and national security, providing adequate housing for villagers and addressing the problems in this area, in particular, providing them with security and relieving their vulnerability are of particular importance. One of the policies of Iran to reduce the risk of damage; improvement and rehabilitation of rural housing by the Housing Foundation of the Islamic Revolution Which has become one of the most important strategies in Iran due to the extent of natural disasters and their financial and financial losses and their expectations beyond ensuring security against accidents are also a continuation of rural life. NEYRIZ Township is subjected to major and minor faults that the existence of these faults and the probability of earthquake causes vulnerability of the villages of the region. The housing estate of the Islamic Revolution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, from 2004 to 2013, has provided 5255 villagers of more than 20 households with facilities for the renovation and renovation of houses. The number of facilities was paid to 66 villages of more than 20 households in the city and supervision of the construction process was carried out. So what seems to be important is the activity that the Housing Foundation has had in its housing estate, its impact on the rural areas, and how much it has been able to achieve resistance and stability in rural housing; in addition to what degree, they have been able to influence their satisfaction. Therefore, the present study addresses the vulnerability of rural dwellings. In this regard, vulnerability is initially studied then the satisfaction of the villagers is examined finally, the share of each vulnerability level criterion is measured on the satisfaction of the villagers and appropriate solutions. Data and Methodology  The research methodology is based on its descriptive-analytical nature. Data gathering was conducted through surveying, library and field method. A small portion of the sample includes 230 households from 18 rural in the NEYRIZ Township. Reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using Cronbach Alpha (alpha = 0.79). In the qualitative section for the implementation of grounded theory, an interview was conducted with 40 villagers. Results and Discussion By studying the vulnerability of rural nursing homes in the Township of NEYRIZ, the villages of the studied villages are in an unfavorable position in terms of economic and social dimensions. Objective satisfaction indicators show that 51.8% of the villagers' homes were constructed responsive to concrete. 80.4% of the walls of the houses are made with bricks. The roofs of the houses are covered with 75% block and block. Of the studied rural households, 94.6% have personal housing and only 5.4% of the tenants. In the area of providing services in residential units, all the studied villages have water, electricity, telephone and 2.05 villagers are satisfied with the crop of agricultural products, parking lots, agricultural machinery and heating and cooling equipment for their housing. Conclusion  Findings showed that the vulnerability of rural housing is not only physical and environmental in nature, but also in social, economic and institutional-organizational dimensions. Meanwhile, vulnerability in physical and environmental dimensions in the study area is lower than other dimensions. Therefore, the existence of unstable housing in rural areas has led to a decline in their quality of life. This situation is strongly influenced by internal and external factors and forces. The lack of financial support, the traditional housing structure, poor design, poor monitoring and enforcement, social constraints, lack of building facilities, weaknesses in government support and regulatory policies, and government institutions are among the main problems of rural dwellings. According to interviews with villagers, the following solutions can be made to reduce rural housing problems:  - The costs of facilities and infrastructure are not at the expense of villagers. Therefore, the creation of continuous financial resources for councils and departments can be open.  - Reducing the problems and obstacles facing applicants for loan use (through increasing credit, decreasing profits and raising the age), providing welfare services and reducing the total poverty of the rural community, granting loans or with benefits and installments Low for women-headed households; increasing the number of borrowers and creating rural people's interest and motivation for living in the countryside.  - Preserving indigenous architecture, using indigenous materials, avoiding blind imitation of urban housing, etc., are unfortunately much neglected, and new rural houses have become homogeneous and adapted to the natural and physical environment of the countryside. - In anti-poverty programs, the problems of villagers have been underestimated, which has led to their vulnerability. Therefore, investing in villages, creating complementary agricultural businesses, increasing production and, consequently, increasing rural incomes, can accelerate the growth and development of this sector.Energy saving is considered to be a problem with rural housing problems in terms of access to fossil fuels and mechanical equipment for heating and cooling buildings.  Key words: Vulnerability, pathology, Earthquake, NEYRIZ Township

Several methods are used to determine the tectonic finite strain of deformed conglomerate and pebbles of the Ghouri area in south western Iran. This conglomerate is part of the Sanandaj-Sirjan paired metamorphic belt. Homogeneous coaxial deformation and the strong preferred orientation of pebbles long axes are due to Late-Cretaceous orogenic movements. The RF/Φ technique for two dimensional strain analysis shows that the finite strain of a/c is highest ( RS≈4.0) in comparison to a/b and b/c aspect ratios. Other methods, such as the Fry method, suggest that the obtained Rs values are low values due to the competence contrast between pebbles and their matrix. The calculation of the harmonic mean from axial ratios of extracted pebbles produced a reliable finite strain estimate, and the calculated Rs as the harmonic mean varies from 2.7 to 4.7 for different stations. The varying prolate ellipsoid shapes (k≈1.3 to 2.1) and oblate ellipsoid shapes (k≈ 0.6 to 0.9) are not due to strain heterogeneities but are due to competency and incompetency of the pebble, its initial shape and initial orientation in the area.

One of the places of articulation which most languages do not tend to produce consonant is the position of uvular. In some of the limited languages which have consonants in this place, they only have a stop consonant. In Persian, most grammarians and linguists agree to Standard Persian in which there is only one uvular stop. This uvular stop phoneme is a voiced uvular stop consonant has produced different allophones in different context. Nevertheless, this situation in standard Persian of some of the Persian dialects seems there are two uvular consonants. The present study tries to assess this important issue by studying the acoustic characteristics of this uvular stop consonant in NEYRIZ dialect. The data available in this research is dialogue speech which has been analyzed using the PRAAT software. The present study shows that in this dialect, there are two phonemes /G/ and /q/ which have been noticed in some periods of Persian language development.

Intrusion of the Chahghand gabbrodiorite in regionally metamorphosed rocks of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone in NE of NEYRIZ has caused contact metamorphism. A variety of pelitic hornfelses are formed as a result of thermal metamorphism. Spatial distribution of minerals in the Chahghand aureole defines three mineralogical zones namely cordierite, andalusite and sillimanite zones. Study of metamorphic reactions and phase relations indicate a pressure of 2.5 to 3.5 kbar and temperature of 500-600 oC and ~700 oC for the andalusite and the sillimanite zones respectively. Apart from crystallization of prismatic sillimanite in the sillimanite zone, fibrolite is formed in the other zones. It seems that cation leaching and deformation were the major processes in the formation of fibrolite in the Chahghand aureole. Regarding appearance of fibrolite in altered rocks far from the igneous contact, fibrolite is not crystallized within the sillimanite stability field, but it may has crystallized at lower temperatures. Therefore considering fibrolite in the rocks equivalent to sillimanite existence and estimated pressure and temperature on this basis, at least the altered rocks within the thermal aureoles is fraught with some problems.

Tang-e-Hana skarn is located at part of the Zagros ophiolitic sequence, and then it is considered as a part of the Zagros structural province. According to the current study, this skarn is classified in 4 main groups: 1- Wollastonite skarn 2- Augite wollastonite skarn 3- Grossular wollastonite skarn 4- Andradite titanite augite wollastonite skarn. Geochemical characteristics indicate that Tang-e-hana skarn is lies in the calcic skarn domain. In addition, percentage of TiO2 in the fourth type of these skarns (bearing titanite) reaches 4%. This fact is important for concentration of REE and other trace elements in titanite. The field and mineralogical evidence illustrated that the studied skarns are endoskarns. These evidences include a high percentage of calc-silicate and non-metallic minerals and in contrast a low percentage of metallic minerals. Therefor, Tang-e-hana skarn is important for its non-metallic minerals such as wollastonite and garnet. The study of mineral paragenetic sequence and the variation diagrams of %TiO2 and %Al2O3 per %CaO suggested that wollastonite skarn is formed at the early stage and andradite –titanite – augite - wollastonite skarn at the late stage of skarnification.

Introduction Rural areas have an important role in the development. While rural areas can implement a detailed plan in accordance with characteristics of the villages. This small rural area located in Fars province can eliminate inequalities in the distribution of resources and services. This study is to assess the degree of development and the gap between rural villages as well as the distance to the city center. The effects of distribution facilities and services and the development of rural areas is conducted by numerical taxonomy analysis...

The NEYRIZ Plain, which is located between Kerman and Fars provinces, with an area of around 240km2 has hosted important settlements belonging to the Islamic era (Figure 1). In order to identifying these settlements and to determine their chronological order, a systematic surface survey was carried out by the authors at the first season of 2017. The first step was to study the ceramic fragments collected from surface survey, and compare them on the basis of similarities of their forms, fabric and decoration. Based on the results of data analysis, the ceramics were classified into eight main categories. So, the main aim of this paper is to perform classification, typification, and propose a relative chronology of the collected potteries from Islamic period sites from the NEYRIZ Plain. The results suggest a strong relation between the ceramics belonging to the Early to Mid-Islamic era (11-16 cetury AD) and the eastern Iranian civilizations, such as Sirjan. For instance, the slip-painted and polychrome Sgraffiato potteries have considerable similarity to those obtained from Sirjan. Indeed, the NEYRIZ plain may be considered as one of the main distribution areas of the slip-painted potteries of Sirjan. Moreover, the ceramics dated 13-17 centuries AD are indication of the cultural ties and trade relations between this region of Fars province with Nishabur, Kerman and Sistan regions of Iran. The main aim of this paper is to perform classification, typification, and to propose a relative chronology of the collected potteries from Islamic period sites from the NEYRIZ Plain. The objectives are to compare NEYRIZ Plain potteries to similar ones from other Islamic archaeological sites, and to recognize inter and intraregional connections of the ancient settlements of this plain and other ceramic production centers. The present research aims answer the question of to what extend settlements of the NEYRIZ Plain find cultural relation to other Iranian Islamic settlements? And how much study of ceramic fragments will reveal such relationships? Primary investigation of historical sources indicates interregional cultural ties between NEYRIZ and Shiraz (on the west), and Kerman and Sirjan provinces (from the east). Furthermore, considering the location of NEYRIZ Plain on the main route between Shiraz to Kerman corridor, vast cultural ties can be imagined between NEYRIZ Plain settelement and eastern Iranian cities, such as Sirjan, Kerman and even Nishabour on the northeast of Iran. The present research adopts a descriptive-analytical method in both fieldwork and bibliographical studies. Fieldworks consist of pottery findings, typology, and classification of findings (based on similarities of their forms, and decorative elements), while bibliographic activities include literature survey, similar findings, and suggestive dating. Although there have been efforts in investigating pottery data of northern coasts of the Persian Gulf, there is little information on regional data, especially areas between Fars, Kerman, and Mokran (northern area of Persian Gulf) during early Islamic periods. NEYRIZ, located at the eastern Fars Province on the Shiraz to Sirjan trade corridor, is a marvelous ancient region with remarkable sites. Further to identification of 63 sites at NEYRIZ Plain, some 911 potsherds recovered from the Bakun to late Islamic periods. The authors focus on 440 Islamic fragments, which were generally divided into two unglazed (214 pieces), and glazed (226 pieces) sherds. Considering their form, temper, impurity and decorations, they were categorized to eight main groups, towards chronological comparison against other similar samples. Unglazed potteries include two slipped ones and potteries with incised and stamped decorations, which are characteristically the majority in the collection and consisted of two groups of thickly slipped potteries (Figure 2). Glazed samples include six main groups of monochrome, Sgraffito, splashed, slipped painted, underglaze painting, and painting on glaze ceramics. The potteries reveal information about patterns of production, consumption, and distribution of pottery during different periods. Thick slipped potteries date to Sassanid to early Islamic periods (3-8 centuries AD). Considering incised designs under slips and color of slips within the group, it appears that all four groups are from the same period. The first group, with thick slip and fine temper, from Williamson Collection, date to 2nd century BC to 7th AD century (Priestman, 2005: 232-234, 402, Pl. 82-84). It appears, considering incised designs with similar themes, they are later than the other three groups, while they date to a same period. It is confirmable following absence of the same findings from two other Parthian sites in NEYRIZ Plain. Potteries with incised designs frequently associated with potteries with stamped, and cylindrical designs, similar to findings from Sirjan and Qasr-i-Abu Nasr (Whitcomb, 1985: 122, 135). However, turquoise glaze is the most common monochrome glaze; it is the most abundant one. On the other hand, there are other monochrome glazes that characteristically are significant in the pottery studies. The white mono chrome pottery that is one of the particles of the “ Samarra Horizon” , has several production centers including Sirjan (Williamson, 1987: 15), which appears an indication of a bigger pattern of relations, comparing to previous period. The green mono chrome glazed pottery that is very similar to the same color Sgraffito is reported also as findings of eastern coasts of Africa. The turquoise mono chrome glaze with earthen temper, vastly range many forms and quality of glaze that date as wide as Sassanid to Late Islamic periods, for continuity of production and consumption. The other type is stone paste that mainly appears as open form vessels and date to 11-13 century. Slip painted wares of NEYRIZ are similar to the findings from Sirjan, which appears, as a characteristic pottery within 10th and 11th centuries AD, as an indication of more relations to Sirjan. Potteries with splashed and Sgraffito glaze are chronologically and technically similar, which indicate a penetration of Sirjan to NEYRIZ. Pottery with underglaze paintings from group 1 are similar to findings from other centers including Kashan, Gorgan, and Soltan Abad that had commercial relations. Such pottery can be found in other areas of Iran as well. The underglaze painted Potteries from group 2 indicate commercial relation to the regions such as Nishapur and Samarqand, of which productions have found in other regions including southern Africa. Black painting under turquoise glaze potteries are of common types dated to 13-17 centuries. Blue and white potteries produced at various centers, the closest one Kirman. Turquoise & Black Underglaze-Painted Ware, Blue and White Underglaze-Painted are similar to findings from Keram and Sistan that indicate vast inter regional cultural relation. The absence of some mostly known Islamic potteries including moulded Celadon, and luster ceramics are of the other issues, significant in studies of potteries of NEYRIZ Plain, which probably is for lack of production and circulation of the wares in the region.