Phenolic resin, a low cost and high temperature resistance resin offers different applications particularly for high temperature environment. It is necessary to compound this resin with other material due to its brittleness and high shrinkage. Nitrile rubber NBR, is one of the important polar elastomers in rubber industry. The blending of this elastomer with phenolic resin is one of the important methods of modification of phenolic resin properties. In this paper the effects of acrylonitrile (ACN) content of NBR from 33 to 50% have been investigated on the properties of these blends. DMTA and thermal gravimetric analysis shows that the mechanical and thermal properties of these blends increased significantly at high amount of ACN. It seems that a reactive compatibilization occurs at high amount of ACN. Results also show that by increasing the amount of ACN the thermal conductivity coefficient increases, but the thermal expansion coefficient decreases. This may be due to the increase polarity of these blends that increases along with ACN contents.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste is not biodegradable; thus, it will create environmental hazards if disposed in landfills. Therefore, the only way of addressing the problem of disposal of post-industrial and post-consumer PET wastes is through recycling. The polyester plasticizer for polyacrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and polyacrylonitrile butadiene-polyvinylchloride rubber blend (NBR-PVC) was obtained by the depolymerization of PET waste with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. The PET waste was depolymerized until a polymeric plasticizer with the average molecular weight in the range of 450-900 g/mol was obtained. The polymeric plasticizer was characterized for acid and hydroxyl numbers, viscosity, density, FTIR, NMR and TGA/DTA thermogram. The prepared polymeric plasticizer was used in the preparation of nitrile rubber and nitrile-PVC rubber blend rubber sheets, where these sheets were tested for compatibility, tensile strength, elongation-at-break, hardness and ageing properties. Nitrile rubber and nitrile-PVC blend sheets were also prepared using DOP as a plasticizer and a comparative study with the synthesized polymeric plasticizer was made. It was observed that synthesized polymeric plasticizer provides excellent tensile properties and ageing resistance for high-performance applications as compared to that obtained from DOP. The end uses for nitrile rubber and nitrile-PVC rubber blend compounds are quite diverse, but they can be loosely categorized as being either general performances or higher performance applications. Each of these performance categories requires a different set of considerations in terms of compounding with plasticizers.

In this research, the activity and potential energy effect of ring pressure in simple 10-7 membered cycloalkynes in reaction with nitrile oxides, nitrile sulfides and triazoles have been studied by DFT method. Structural properties, thermodynamic and kinetic data such as reaction free energy changes (ΔrG), transition state free energy changes (ΔG*) and reaction rate constants (k) were obtained at 298 K temperature and the effect of substitution groups (R) in dipoles (R- CNO, R-CNS, R-N3) have been investigated on the reaction rate. The results show that by reducing the size of the ring and the bending of the triple bond and as a result of increasing the potential energy of the ring pressure in cycloalkynes, ΔG* of the zygotic ring reaction decreases. Also, the rate constants and free energy changes of the reactions increase with the reduction of the ring size.

Polyamide (PA) microsphere was introduced into the nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) matrix to prepare PA microsphere/NBR composites with various microsphere contents. The obtained samples were characterized by a scanning electron microscope, a moving die rheometer, a universal material testing machine and a high-speed block-on-ring wear testing machine to analyze the PA microsphere dispersity and the effects of PA microsphere on curing characteristics, mechanical and wear properties of the composites, respectively. The results showed that, the PA microspheres could be well dispersed in the NBR matrix. The curing time of the rubber compound was significantly prolonged by the introduction of PA microsphere due to its absorption of the accelerator. For the cured composites, the density and the rebound resilience were not obviously affected, but hardness and elongation-at-break increased, whereas the modulus at 300% elongation was reduced. The tear strength of the composites initially increased and then decreased with PA microsphere content increase, to indicate the optimal content of 1 phr. Furthermore, wear tests showed that the adhesion between the PA microsphere and the NBR matrix was excellent. PA microspheres were not separated from the matrix when sliding. With the PA microsphere content increase, the wear resistance of the NBR-based composite initially significantly improved and then remained essentially unchanged.

Hypothesis: High energy absorption capacity of rubber foam, during the large compression deformations of cell structure, is an important variable that is considered by engineers as a design criterion. In this respect, the energy absorption behavior of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) foam with different densities was studied by efficiency and acutest parameters. Methods: The closed cell NBR foams with densities of 0. 51, 0. 63, 0. 72 and 0. 79 g/cm3 were prepared by changing the amount of compound in the equal volume of the mold. The cell morphology and compressive properties of the foams were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compression tests, respectively. Findings: The cell morphology analysis has indicated that by decreasing the foam density, the average cell diameter becomes larger, the number of cells per unit volume decreases and the cell size distribution becomes heterogeneous. In the compression test, by decreasing density from 0. 79 to 0. 51 g/cm3, the plateau stress decreases from 750 to 246 kPa and the corresponding stress with the maximum efficiency decreases from 1. 13 to 0. 27 MPa. In the low stress range, 0. 3 MPa, by decreasing density from 0. 79 to 0. 51 g/cm3, the energy absorption of foam changes from 0. 39 to 0. 009 MJ/m3. As a result, in the low stress range, lower density foams show more energy absorption. While in the high stress range, higher density foams absorb more energy. For example, in the 1. 3 MPa stress, the energy absorption of foams with the density 0. 51 g/cm3 and 0. 79 g/cm3 is about 0. 88 MJ/m3 and 0. 1 MJ/m3, respectively. Therefore, the energy absorption capacity of the foam depends on the density and stress range, which determines the maximum allowable stress of the foam based on its density.

Nitrile rubber, NBR, is one of the important elastomers in rubber industry. It has good mechanical properties and high resistance to nonpolar oils. These advantages and its good flexibility makes this elastomer useful in many areas of applications. The blending of this elastomer with phenolic resin, a low cost and high temperature resistance resin, offers different applications particularly in high temperature environment. They are, therefore, being used as a structural adhesive, ablators and heat shields. In this paper, The effects of phenolic novolack resin and its amount have been investigated on the thermal properties of nitrile elastomers. Results show that the increasing phenolic resin up to 65% shifted the Tg towards higher temperatures. The storage modulus increased and the amount of its variation over broad range of temperature is decreased. Thermal gravimetric analysis also showed the significant increase of thermal stability of these blends. By adding the phenolic resin, the coefficient of thermal conductivity (k) of phenolic-nitrile blends has increased, but the coefficient of thermal expansion (a) and heat capacity (Cp) are independent of the amount of phenolic resin.

A simple and efficient one-pot route for the synthesis of novel spiro [indolin-oxadiazol] derivatives by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of nitrile oxides and isatin imine under classical or microwave irradiation conditions is described. 4-amino-5-methyl-2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-thione was synthesized by cyclization of thiocarbohydrazide and acetic acid. 3-((3-methyl-5-thioxo-1, 5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)indolin-2-one was prepared by condensation of primary amine of 4-amino-5-methyl-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione with isatin through a single step and 4’-(3-methyl-5-thioxo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-4 (5H)-yl)- 3'-(substituted phenyl)-4'-hydro spiro [indolin-3, 5’ [1, 2, 4] oxadiazol]-2-one were afforded by the reaction of corresponding Schiff base with hydroximinoyl chloride and their derivatives under basic conditions at room temperature. The products were obtained in good yields. Elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Mass spectral data confirmed the structure of newly synthesized compounds.

The use of rioe bran oil as a processing aid in styrene butadiene rubber has already been Investigated in this laboratory. Based on the encouraging results obtained from this study, we thought also of trying this oil in polar rubbers like nitrile butadiene (NBR) and polychloroprene (CR). In this study an attempt is made to see whether rice bran oil which is a natural product, devoid of any toxic effects, can function as co-activator, antioxidant and as a processing aid in nitrile and as processing aid and antioxidant in polychloroprene rubber. The plasticizer, co-activator and antioxidant properties are compared with DOP, stearic acid and styrenated phenol, respectively, in the NBR vulcanization system and antioxidant, stearic acid and aromatic oil are replaced by the oil in the potychloroprene system. The mixes were evaluated for cure characteristics. Scorch time, cure time and the cure rate index values have shown that this oil can effectively replace plasticizer, co-activator and antioxidant form NBR mixes and processing aid and antioxidant form CR systems. The evaluation of mechanical properties and ageing studies of the valcanizates also indicate that rice bran oil can be used as a multi-purpose additive in these rubbers.    

Introduction: Nitriles are toxic and hazardous compounds for all organisms which are produced enormously by human being and cause environment pollution. Biodegradation is the best method for Nitrile elimination in sewage. The aim of this study was isolation and identification of native bacteria Acetonitrile-degrading from the sewage of the city of Kerman.Materials and methods: The enrichment and screening of Acetonitrile degrading bacteria was performed in a specific medium containing 1% Acetonitrile as sole carbon and nitrogen source. Enzyme activity and ammonium production was determined in growth medium using a modification of the phenol/hypochlorite method. Identification of the isolates was undertaken using microbial - biochemical and molecular tests. The optimization of enzyme production was examined. The amount of nitrile and acid were also determined by gas chromatography.Results: Among three isolated nitrile hydrolyzing producing species (FA3, FA8 and AB19), FA8 isolate showed maximum enzyme productivity. The results of characteristic tests showed that these bacteria belonged to the Pseudomonas sp. Moreover, 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses exhibited that FA11, FA8 and AB19 strains were similar to Pseudomonas Otitidis and Pseudomonas geniculate with 99, 100% homology, respectively. Results of medium optimization of Pseudomonas FA8 strain showed that glucose (10 gL-1) and yeast extract (5 gL-1) in neutral medium strongly supported enzyme production. Gas chromatography results showed that FA8 produced 58% acetic acid at 48 h of incubation.Discussion and conclusion: The results demonstrated that Pseudomonas FA8 isolated bacterium is a suitable candidate for degradation of Acetonitrile. This bacterium could be used for treatment of industrial wastewater and sites that contaminated with Acetonitrile.

In this study, reactions of the simple cycloalkynes with substituted Nitrile Oxides, by DFT method will be discussed. The investigation of the structural properties, theoretical thermodynamic and kinetic data, i. e., the activation free energies( G*), the free energies changes of reaction( rG) and rate constants of the reactions (k) in 298 K and effects of Electronwithdrawing and electron-donating groups on the interaction of the LUMO with the HOMO of the dipole and dipolarophile will be presented. The results show an increase in the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps ( E) &  G* also decreasing the  rG & k by increasing the ring size of cycloalkynes.